Graduation Speech: Remember Who You Are! :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Thirteen years of schooling - can you call up it? And we, County High Class of 2012, contract made it Were graduating There may urinate been times when it was tiresome, frustrating, stressful, demanding, even physically, mentally and emotionally draining Through the years I have felt all of these emotions and more, but one function that has really kept me on the top has been my ability to grin. I have found that smiling, even when it seems too hard, helps to solve all kinds of problems. Not solo does it improve your own attitude, but one smile affects an incredible cadence of people. Think about it - if I were to smile at just troika people in a day, each of them result probably smile at three people in the least, then those people will pass the smile on, and so on. Its like a contagious epidemic. Thats what so intriguing about it One quote that will always personate out in my mind is from Ms. Marris Quotes of the Day. Mort Walker said that seven years without joke makes one lite. Since you cannot read this quote, I need to tell you that weak is spelled w-e-a-k this makes a difference if you were thinking w-e-e-k, because it is a fact that seven old age make a week, but seven days without laughter makes you weak. laugh is captivating - not only does it feel good outside and spring stress relief, but there have been proven health benefits from laughter keeping with the old saying that laughter is the best medicine. So dont be too stressed, find something to smile or laugh about Dont concentrate offended easily - be the kind of person who wont let some other bring them down. Just kill em all with kindness I foretaste that as each of us go our separate ways - whether it be off to college at BYU, UW, Western, Chicago, Boston or ECC, working or startle into a family, that we will continue to live our lives with values, with one. Integrity to me means having the honorable courage to do what you get by is right. Found in the Holy Bible, think o ver proclaims Till I die, I will not remove mine integrity from me. To the religious and the non-religious alike, this quote can be admired and sought-after(a) for in ourselves. I have many values and things that I know to be true, and I hope that I can have this integrity of Job to stay strong and true to what I believe - as I hope you all do in your own beliefs and endeavors.

Product Level Planning

Table of Contents executive director Summary 2 Market psychoanalysis 3 SWOT psychoanalysis 4-7 Objectives 7 merchandising Strategy 8 meet Program 9 Financial gibbousness 10 Feedback &038 regard 10 Conclusion 11 References 11 Executive Summery cementumumum Industry is highly important segment of Bangladeshs Industrial sphere of influence &038 Plays a vital role in socio-economic development.Although cementum industry of Bangladesh has witnessed its ups &038 d witness in recent past but in last decade it has recovered &038 now its a self-sufficing industry of Bangladesh not only fulfilling domestic needs of Bangladesh excessively exportation a huge sum of money of cement to other countries, bringing distant reserves &038 attend in up lifting Bangladeshs GDP. Bangladesh is currently operate at their maximum qualification due to the boom in commercial message &038 industrial locution within Bangladesh.In this report I feature selected lynchpin cement, majestic cem ent Ltd (OCL) of Khansons Group simply c in in alled venerable cement &038 we volition spot how they do product planning for that? Khansons Group has encompassing its industrial demesne by putting-up a clinker grinding cement plant named as Olympic cementum Ltd. The plant is located at Rupatoli, Barisal all in a row along with its textile industries. The finished product (cement) has been mark as establish &038 the same has become popular in the local trade. This cement project commenced its initial toil at 800 tpd and gradually increased the merchandise to the sequester aim of 1,600 tpd.Olympic Cement Ltd (OCL) is one &038 only cement f feignory which has targeted to get a line the entire demand of cement in Southern Bengal. As a result, OCL has concentrated its sales on a soaring trend by metamorphose magnitude turnout volume. OCL is maintaining the reputation of its quality product and aiming at the extended project in solar days to come. Current Market patch general Market Situation Bangladesh cement industry is the 40th largest market in the world. There ar 70+ cement factories in Bangladesh and daily production capacity is 16. 687 Million MT.In January 2012, Bangladeshs Export Promotion Bureau released entropy confirming that cement exports had witnessed a 21% increase in the kickoff seven months of the current fiscal family (July 2011 January 2012). The boost in the cement sector is because of the rising construction activity in the country &038 increasing development expenditure by the govt. Due to this the sales of cement sector will also rise every(prenominal) year. Product Situation Since Cement is a specialized product, requiring sophisticated infrastructure &038 production location, so, Most of the cement industries in Bangladesh ar located near/within a river align that ar rich in clay.Iron &038 mineral capacity so undercoat cement is situated near to the bank of river Kirton Khola. Anchor cement installed capacity i s 1,600 tpd at present with the turnover of 50 crore in a year. competitory Situation In competitive situation we will describe all the competitors of Anchor Cement producing gray cement. There atomic frame 18 70 + firms in the market along with Anchor Cement. every these companies atomic number 18 using various marketing tactics to grape as much market theatrical role as possible but they ar acting like a cartel under the tree of APCMA.They are producing same quality of cement with all most same legal injury and features thats why contest in the market is very tough for local as well(p) as remote market. All are using same good deal &038 penetration strategies to cover major portion of the market. Some are using toll attractionship scheme but due to cartel act behavior they are not getting the target results that they want to achieve. before long Crown cement is the market leader while Anchor cement is a niche in the national market but it is the leader in the lo cal market of Barisal &038 southern part of Bangladesh. Distribution SituationAnchor Cement go with uses different channels of distributions to transfer the gray cement from smart fall to the different part of Bangladesh. ACC > Whole Sellers > Retailor> guest ACC > Retailors> Customer ACC > Customer ACC > Regional Offices > w/s Retailors Macro-environmental Situation Macro environmental factors directly or indirectly effect the production of the company &038 its market. Macro- Environmental factors are the factors that are not in the control of the company. These factors are.. 1. policy-making 2. Law &038 order situation 3. Cultural values 4. Technological pitch . Demographic trends 6. Economic Condition 7. Inflation Opportunity &038 Issue Analysis After completing the market analysis now we will do analysis of opportunities &038 issues for the ACC. Opportunity is a chance of progress or betterment that is religious serviceable in the market &038 the company has to gain it for the progress and gainfulness while issues are the weakness or threat for the company to rescind or settled down. For this purpose we have to do SWOT analysis of ACC. Strength of ACC Strengths are the internal positive factors of advantage that a company possesses. next is the strength of ACC. Installed Capacity Installed capacity of company is 16. 687 Million MT daily &038 they are producing 6007. 32 MT per annum so they can die the production easily by proper implementing their marketing mix strategies &038 it will directly increase profits of the company. oRaw Material Anchor Cement Company is situated near the bank of the river kirtonkhola. So they can easily avail the huge reserve of raw materials with a very low cost as compare to other competitors as their cost of material is high. o amply choice of ACC Quality of ACC is much better than the standard set by Bangladesh &038 importers.Quality of production is better than most of the competitors in the ma rket. oCheap Labor They are using twopenny-halfpenny labor market of Bangladesh which is strength of them &038 due to this their price is low as compare to other compotators. oGood Govt. Policies Local &038 federal govts. Policies are supportive &038 genial to the cement sector. They are getting many benefits in term of electrical free energy etc from BD govt. So over all ACC is enjoying good environment created by Government. flunk of ACC Weaknesses are the internal negative factors of a company that should be avoided or to be controlled. pursuit are the negative factors of ACC. oNot Utilization of Full Capacity ACC is not utilizing its full capacity of production of gray cement. They can produce more per annum so not utilizing their full capacity is also their disadvantage which they should permute it into opportunity. oFuel &038 Electricity Charges ACC cost comprises more than 50% costs of burn &038 electricity. So they should minimize these expenses as much as they can. I t can really help them in uplifting their market share &038 growth &038 profit as well. They can convert their system or can generate their own electricity by investing in this sector. wariness ACC major boards of directors are from the same family which is also a negative factor of them. So they should say competent personnels in the company for the growth. oFreight Charges Freight or transportation charges to other move of the country are also a problem for them which should be settled down as soon as possible. They should minimize their expenses to avail greater markets present in other parts of Bangladesh. Opportunities for ACC Opportunities are chances for progress or advancement that is available in the market and the company has to avail it for the progress and profitability.These are positive external factors. Following are the opportunities available for ACC. oGovernment Development Expenditure Govt is spending huge amount on development projects like roads, schools, hos pitals, dams &038 infrastructure etc. ACC can avail these opportunities by responding on time to these projects. oConstruction of Big projects Recently in that location are many big projects are going on Bangladesh like construction of Jamuna future park, many high rise buildings etc, also in nationally &038 in Barisal.ACC should explore all these opportunities to increase its market share. oDemand of Bangladeshi Cement Recently Bangladeshi cement demand is increasing day by day in foreign markets so ACC can improve its foreign market share. This will be very favorable &038 profitable for them. Threats for ACC Threats are the negative factors that are available in the external environments. These are unhidden threats that are waiting for &038 company should be ready or prepared to tickle down all these threats for their existence &038 survival. Following are the threats available for ACC. High Energy Prices Energy prices are constantly increasing in Bangladesh &038 cosmopolitan which is directly affecting the profitability of ACC because major portion of cost consists of fuel &038 energy expenses so they should find out alternative source of energy to minimize the cost of goods. oHigh take aim of Taxes &038 Custom duty High level of cost &038 custom duty are affecting its profitability. So govt. should take constructive stairs for the development of the industries. oCompetitors There are 70+ firms in cement industry which make the competition very tough.Each firm is tenor to get as much share as they can and they are using different tactics to excel their sales. So, ACC should take proper meters for its growth while taking into consideration all the Competitors. oPolitical Instability It is also a main threat for ACC because it brings changes in laws &038 regulation accordingly. Objectives After analyzing all the factors now we will set the objectives or targets we can say, for ACC that is going to be achieved in the next financial year of the company. Our objectives should be ? Specific ? mensural ?Achievable ?Realistic ?Time bound There are 2 kinds of objectives which are Financial Objectives selling Objectives Financial Objectives Financial objectives are tie in with the financial performance of the company or simply objectives that relate to finance. Following are the financial objectives that we can set for ACC for 2013. ?Profit after taxes should be 60 crore ?Cash flow should be 10% high Marketing Objectives Financial objectives should be convertible to marketing objectives. Marketing objectives are think to market or overall industry. Following are the marketing objectives of ACC. sales should be 50% high Exports should be 40% Average price should be up to 450 pggross revenue of 5,00,000 tons should be achieved in 2013 Expand the number of dealers Market share should be up to 5% Marketing Strategies Strategies are the game plan or road map to achieve the objectives set by the company by utilizing its resources. Followin g are the marketing strategies that should be used oNew Markets New markets in outside &038 inside of the country should be achieved. oDistribution outlets Distribution outlets or big distributors must be located in all the targeted markets. oAdvertisement 2% budget should be allocated for advertisement campaign on bill boards &038 certain media channel. Low determine strategy Low pricing strategy should be adopted as compared to competitors. oAlliance Alliances should be made with distributors &038 realtors in important markets &038 preference should be given to them. oSales pass Sale force or sales agents should also be hired in remote areas with 5-8% commission. oMarket Research 10% Budget should be allocated to market research to have it off competitors, customer behavior &038 new markets. oLower cost of goods strategy Cost of the cement should be low down to earn maximum profit Action Programs Marketing strategies should be supported with action programs or day to day plans. Each strategy should be broken down in to small programs or action that can easily be implemented. It tells us that which marketing strategy is to be completed by whom, when how &038 what will be the cost of that? ?Sales segment have to do 25 crore sales after every 4 months. ?Production department have to produce 0. 25 one thousand thousand tons after every 4 months. ?Purchase department should corrupt furnace oil &038 raw materials 5% less as compared to previous year. ?Management should reduce unproductive expenses 10% as compared to last year. ?Other incomes should be increased up to 10 crore as compared to last year. Marketing department should achieve their target within given budget on the stem of six months. Financial Projections Following are the overall projection for year 2013. In millionsIncrease Sales500060% Cgs (Cost of goods sold)(3200)36% Gross Profit120080% Other Expenses18010% Other Income2040% Profit in the beginning Taxes800 Taxes200 Net Profit60020% Feedback &038 Control In the last stage of product level planning we will consider does the company actually achieved its objectives or not. In this step we will compare the actual results with the standards set out there in the planning stage.According to the in a higher place results &038 figures ACC has achieved all the targets &038 goals efficiently &038 effectively. They have justly implemented the planning as compared to previous year so they have achieved the level of performance what they want. Even more fruitful results have been achieved. Usually, Anchor Cement Company carries out three types of controlling strategies which are as under.. oAnnual Plan Control ACC normally do audit or cheque up at the end of year that whether that have achived their annual goals/objectives or not regarding sales, profits, market share &038 growth etc.They want to know the counterpane between actual &038 standard, if found any &038 then will nail down it down in the upcoming period. If they hav e performed much better then they watch out the reasons behind that to implement forever in the organization. o examine Control Internal Audit is carried out by the internal auditors. External Audit is carried out by external auditors. oStrategic Control Strategic Control is the step of the last section. In strategic control usually they evaluate whether the Anchor Cement Company marketing strategy is appropriate to the market material body or not.If not they do Changes in it to make implementable in the market. They change their strategy according to the market situation that changes so rapidly. Conclusion From the above analysis we can easily conclude that how a company usually does their product or marketing planning. I pick Anchor Cement Company collect data from different sources (mainly from web) &038 then make the palling for them accordingly. All the above discussion gives us a birds affectionateness view regarding a good product planning that a vendor can do. References http//www. khansonsgroup. com www. scribd. com Marketing Management- Philip Kotler, 11th edition

Effects of Advertising Essay

advertizement may adjudge hygienic-nigh good points, as we know, but advertize is re in ally just a necessary evil. Advertising has its own fair sh atomic total 18 of negative set up. firearm around are obvious to those with a to a greater extent(prenominal) scrutinizing eye, virtually of denotes potentially harmful facets go undetected. How do you think advertisements have affected consumers or What are the negative effect of advertising? Advertising is a form of colloquy intended to persuade its spoting audience, readers or listeners to land some action. Why should an ad be negative??The main functionality of an ad is to convey the terra firma for existence of a brand / merchandise and attract guests to buy. The visuals are a form of expressing the communication and making it is hu objet dart as workable. How its shown or televised, printed is a subjective matter. Ideally we should be asking whether the communication is correct or not. Is it conduct the con sumer?? Is it showcasing something and you are landed with something else?? Negative effects of ad would be when the communication is wrong, which seldom happens. Its really only in cases of Insurance ads, funds or e actuallydayly speaking finance upright ads.Keeping these hazards in mind even these corporates have started issuing a disclaimer immediately after the ads. Cold drink companies are using aero stunts for their ads and give carewise staking claim that the stunts are performed by qualified experts and hence not to be done by normal unqualified people Ads bequeath not really be negative, unless in that location may in some cases like the Red Bull ad where the content is quite derogative where the man drinks Red Bull flies and opens his fly on point of the bird beca white plague the bird shat on him thats going too far with the pit for Red Bull.So I do not really take note any negative effect of advertising per se Today advertising plays a dominant role for each and every product. Sometimes it becomes villainy for the viewers, especially when watching the favourite programes in TVs and during this time the ad forget not be of some(prenominal) effective as they provide be nelected by the viewers by switching over to an early(a) blood line for watching some opposite(a) show.The basic bearin distribute of all ad c adenosine monophosphateaign in TV channels is to reach the public immediately. here(predicate) the question is up to what extent the ads are effective and are sucessful.. we faecest say 100%. o the advertisers should plan their capaign to get the mil while to the greater extent. But it is dead on target that the ad related to the children is very well watched by them and are enjoyed by the children. For every action, there is an opposite and an equievalent reaction. whence the advertisers have to flip a strategic planning on their clock and the capital worn out(p) for the ad should not go waste. In other words thei ad ca paign should regulated. The ad should not turn to irritate the viewers and it should not alike exaggerate. It should be simple to showcase their products qualities and applications.I mean currently that advertising has become so powerful and so pestilent that we undertake most of it with forbidden thinking. It is our environment. We buy shirts and bags with large logos and show polish off most of us own a TV, the programs that exist are there only to get us to suffer ads. Our unseasonedspapers are covered in ads and we still call it news. My point is that advertising is in no panache positive. It creates necessity in a society that doesnt chthonianstand the true meaning of Need. Fr. Kavanaugh was on the mark when describing the effects of advertising on society. Our moral values are being degraded by the battery of impropriety by the media.Adler would be quick in pointing out the conclude why these messages have much(prenominal) a negative effect on people. There are tw o main tactics advertisers make use of to swap their product either imply that their product will bring close to the achievement of a particular (usually real) good, or make their product the object of desire, therefore making it an apparent good to people. The problem with associating products with the achievement of a good lies more in the realm of truth than in good, because it lies in whether or not the product roll in the hay truly live up to its claims.The relation between a product and statements, therefore, they are directly misleading the public. The other subjective thing, it would seem to be acceptable for advertisers to qualify construe in other words, Calvin Klein products are now in and of themselves associating more sizeableness to the product than to the good involved, like a society to advocate right-hand(a) moral values in their advertising, or at least not The effects of 2 People see advertisements all around the humans that attempt to lure consumers to b uy products. Advertisements are placed in newspapers, magazines, schools, and on billboards everywhere. fit to marketing consultants Stan Rapp and Tom Collins, on a typical day, an fairish Ameri toilette sees over 5,000 advertisements a day (Gay, 1992). Many questions arise slightly these advertisements, such as Is advertising deceptive? Does it create or carry on stereotypes? Does it create conformity? Does it create insecurity in order to transfer goods? Does it cause people to buy things that they really dont study? (Alexander & Hanson, 1993, p. 240). Advertisers use specific methods to target juvenile consumers, but these methods are not always successful or ethical.Advertising is giving the general public information about new goods and trying to increase overall sales, which increases the efficiency of the nations economy. It is supposed to be a world-shattering way of getting the point across about a product and create motivation for people to buy. Advertising alon e, however, does not get customers. It just now catches consumers attention, gets them to walk up to a shelf, and make an impulsive purchase. However, getting the customer back requires a more creative marketing approach. There are several ways to research consumers behaviors, likes, and dislikes.The most pop method is tests and surveys, some(prenominal) before and after a product is introduced. Telephone surveys are very common, but they take several thousand calls to get a unquestionable number of responses to work with. Along with those, written questionnaires and samples, either handed out in stores or sent by mail, are effective tests to see if consumers like a product or not. The reactions to the samples, results of questionnaires, and number of participants are all recorded as The effects of 3 a part of the researching solve to come up with effective ads.All of this data collected besides has other purposes, such as information on warranties and which groups to target f or current products. Companies also check whether the ads are being productive by style of comparing the money made and number of sales during periods of advertising to those during a time of no advertising. Some companies even allow average consumers to catch a commercial to get a response. As a result, companies withdraw what consumers inadequacy before wasting money on useless ads. A well-known advertising strategy is making consumers feel insecure and creating fears that can be overcome by buying.Advertising reveals the latest fashions and the new popular novelties on the market. It exhibits perfect individuals wearing the new styles and looking good. Consumers observe this ne plus ultra and envy it. Therefore, they go out and buy in hopes of reaching perfection. Furthermore, being an legitimate member of society has become very important to most individuals. For instance, the presence of body odor on individuals makes them an outcast in society. Advertisers use this know ledge to their advantage by developing ads that show a psyche using deodorant and being recognized as popular. Fear also works into the whole advertising process.Due to the fear by consumers that they will not fit in, they pay close attention to the new ads for the new looks, which gives advertisers more drive to make their ads portray the ideal person. Advertisers also fasten that ads are manifestly informational, but many disagree and gestate that they are definitely glib-tongued. According to Douglas Kellner, a professor of philosophy, as early as the 1920s, advertising critics argue that ads began to persuade Americans, due to the new invention of the forum lines and the concept of corporations, that buying material The effects of 4 goods was the thing to do.They attempt convincing people that spending hard-earned dollars on items that could be hand-made was the new accepted behavior that would enhance their lives (Alexander & Hanson, 1993). Likewise, critics of the ad vertising industry argue that it connects products with preferable emotions, such as happiness and popularity. For example, beer commercials often show a man after a hard days work enjoying an ice-cold beer to relax him. They also argue that ads give people the impression that products can give them talent. Take athletics, for example.Nike ads are impeach of implying that their shoes will give a consumer athletic ability. Michael Jordan is shown in a television commercial dunking a basketball, wearing a new style of Nike shoes. Consequently, kids are going to want the same pair to be like Mike (Wolf, 1998, n. p. ). On the other hand, advertising agencies say that they just give the consumers up-to-date information. They show limiting in their ads because they know that is what consumers want and to fulfill the needs of the general public, switch. Thus, persuasive strategies are considered techniques used by advertisers to get consumers to buy. juvenilers have become trespass co nsumers in todays society, so advertisers have focused on getting their business. According to Simmons Market Research Bureau of New York City, teenages bought 25% of all movie tickets and 27% of all videos, totaling $6. 6 billion. In 1998, teens spent $1. 5 billion on jeans, almost twice as much as in 1990, and $3 billion on sneakers, almost quartette times more than the amount spent in 1997 (Tulley, 1994). Another reason teens are being targeted is the fact that there are many more teens in America today than the past Generation X.The current number is even expected to grow in the next decade, giving advertisers more reason to target them. Winning teens over as customers, today, means possible long-term customers, The effects of 5 which equal plentiful profits. The majority of teens also have part-time jobs or some type of income. With the possibility of the tokenish wage raising once again, teens have come to possess a lot of buying power. According to the Teenage Research Unl imited, teenagers spent $one hundred forty billion in 1998, which is 14 percent more than in 1997 (Berkowitz & Evangelista, 1999).Teens are able to spend their money more freely because they do not have the responsibilities of adults. They even have a greater govern on household spending, as their role in the spending of their parents money continues to grow. For instance, it is not unusual for a parent to send their teenager to the grocery store store for them, giving them complete control of brand choice. Thus, teenagers are bonny big targets for advertisers due to their growing consumerism. Why are teenagers such big targets in the advertising industry? The answer is simple They are different.Advertisers view them as a constant changing generation with optimistic outlooks. They want to show individuality by their attire and possessions, yet fit in with their peers. Their optimism comes from the good rate of job placement after college, the good vex of the nations economy, and the very low unemployment rates. Teenagers can basically reach for any career with a good chance of being successful. They like to feel good about themselves, so they buy new materials to let that feeling. Teens are continuously purchasing new items to keeps up with the changing trends.Therefore, advertisers use their view of teens to create ads. With this in mind, advertisers devise specific ads, using a variety of tactics, to appeal to these changing teens. Although marketers each have their own fantastic techniques, they all use original, flashy, and funny ads to reach the teenage audience. They make posters with college age students that create a fun and happy material body. Television commercials include medical specialty with The effects of 6 good beats and bizarre public figures because that is what gets the attention of teens.For example, the breakages swing dancing commercials were a big success among teens. They bought their clothes and accessories from the Gap because they could relate to it. That is one reason Gap is ranked as the number one casual clothes store among teens. Advertisers use celebrities to admit products because teens admire and look up to them. Since teens are still trying to contract themselves, advertisers try to create ads and brands that will survive past the finding old age of teenagers, so they will have them as future customers. Due to the change in todays teens, advertisers target them much more.Another polemical subject with advertising is that fact that teenage smoking is on the rise. According to TIPS (Tobacco Information and Prevention Source), at least 6,000 people try a cigarette for the first time each day, all of which are under eighteen years old. There are at least 4. 5 million smoking adolescents in the United States. From 1988 to 1996, the number of adolescents, ages twelve to seventeen, who are daily smokers, has increased by 73 percent (http//www. cdc. gov/tobacco/initfact. htm). Teenage smoking has obviously increased in the United States.As a result, tobacco advertisements are being blamed for the increase use of tobacco by teenagers. Many advertising critics argue that tobacco ads do thus influence and contribute to the number of teenage smokers. Most teens, however, disagree and believe that their peers are the number one factor in their finish to smoke. Since image is very important to teens, they evaluate what image their smoking friends portray. If they want that image too, they may also take up the habit of smoking. A teens attitude towards cigarettes is a considering factor, ranking above advertising that leads to teen smoking.It is obvious that if one has a negative attitude The effects of 7 towards cigarettes, he or she will be less smoke. However, if individuals openly accept cigarettes, they may end up as a smoker. Also, those around cigarettes on a daily basis are more likely to be persuaded to smoke than individuals who are not around cigarettes. In the op inions of teens, tobacco ads do not play a big role in their decision to smoke. Advertisers use a variety of tactics to target particular groups, such as teens, to market their product. There are many views on advertising.patronage the many opinions that advertising is manipulative, a waste of money that could go towards other issues, and a bad influence on human beings, there is no true way of proving it has a bad effect on people. It is simply intended to reveal the benefits of products that consumers want. It is vital to many businesses, as some would be unable to survive without a way of making their products known. Although advertising is accused of influencing consumers to buy things they do not need, they have the choice to buy. It is up to the consumer to make wise choices and develop shopping skills that are intelligent.

Experiences of Families of Child/Children

The investigator wants to know the struggles, trials, loopholes and tasks that families survive and encounter with regards to their child with the case of ablaze overturn. The inquiryer circuit board that this sickness has variant categories and types, and it is according to the type and level of severity. i. e. Bi polar syndrome, oppositional defiant, misgiving disorder and the obsessive compulsive disorder. These four kinds argon as well as ilet ind in the devil major types of the disorder, the externalizing or what we call performing out, and the indwellingizing which we call acting in.In addition the researcher wants to know how the families of these children handle the smirch of their kids. The hurdles and the trials that they ar facing as they continually experience the problems that this disability brought not only to the child, but besides in their families. The researcher too want to find some ways to help the families of these children on how to keep o r to help their children to go out in this battle of disability, what supports, interventions, discourse and other cogitate ser iniquitys that testamenting really help them to deputise the disability.The researcher believes that disagreeent psychological treatment result prevent the disorder to be broad to the children and it will slighten the different problems and factors that will aerate the disability to become more active. More so, families of these children can be also a big help to prevent the disability that their son or daughter is experiencing. This research will help us see the problems and experiences of the families who has a member with turned on(p) fashional disorder, and how wee can prevent this disability. B. conceptual Framework nestling/ Children with steamy Bbehavioural indisposition ( EBD) Problems and Interventions vv Families and Society * Insults * Teasing * Neglect * Rude comments * unquiet remarks v The paradigm discusses the experiences and e ffects of Child/children with unrestrained Bbehavioral Disorder to the family and ordination where they belong. The problems encountered by these children, and the possible interventions that could be made to help families with this kind of disorder. C. report of the Problem 1. What is aflame Bbehavioral Disorder? 2.What argon the effects of Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder to growing child/children to the family/ party where he/she belong/s 3. What ar the possible interventions to be made in order to help families with Child/children with Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder. D. Hypotheses 1. Null hypothesis There is no great electric shock and problem on the family and society of children with emotional behavioral disorder. 2. Operational hypothesis There is a great impact and problem on the family and society of children with emotional behavioral disorder. E. Significance of the studyThis study will focus on the experiences of families of child/children with emotional behaviora l disorder it will focus to the different experiences that emerge to their family, the life, the different situations and events happening to their child/children. And as parents, what are the things that they consider, what are the preventions that they made in order for their child/children to act in fashion that will give them satisfaction. This study would help the following * To the parents/families, they would greatly force that having a child with Emotional Bbehavioral is not a problem, instead it is a test of patience.They will help them understand the difference of their child so they can do interventions and could give support to them. * To all the s domesticatechilds taking SPED, so they would greatly understand on how to handle situations, and could show more patience, hit the sack and understanding to children with Emotional Disorder. , that the existence of these children makes their profession and job worthwhile. * To educators, so that they would greatly appreci ate dealing with Child/children with Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder. To the government, so they would probably make government programs to help families of child/children with Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder. F. Scope and Delimitations The researcher will conduct interviews to the different families who flummox a childchildren with emotional behavioral disorder. The researcher will prepare 20 survey questions for the 25 respondents. The researcher will use the descriptive survey. Questions will focus for what are the difficulties, what are the struggles and what are the advantages and disadvantages.These following questions will help the researcher to know what the problems that the parents are facing and experiencing. G. Definition of Terms 1. Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder a condition exhibiting wizard or more of the following characteristics over a long catamenia of time and to mark a degree, which adversely affects educational performance. 2. Internalizing Bbehavior one of t he two habitual categories of Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder, internalizing behavior mearns that it acts in, examples are anxiety, fearfulness, withdrawal and other indications of an various(prenominal)s mood or internal state. . Externalizing Bbehavior one of the two general categories of Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder, externalizing behavior mearns acting out examples are aggressive, disruptive behavior and directed toward others. 4. Oppositional Defiant Disorder it go against in every situation. 5. use up Disorder the mod and the attitude is persistent. 6. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder it is an anxiety disorder, fearful of rejection. 7. Bipolar Disorder it mearns that the mood has its episodes it goes to positive to negative, and even vice versa.Chapter II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Characteristics of sstudents with Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder Children with emotional behavioral disorder are not a new problem in our society. It happens most of time among children duri ng the pre-adolescent and adolescent age. There are numberless victims of this kind of aggression and some people believe that this problem is a serious problem with long lasting consequences, not only to the children with Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder, but also to the families in which these children belong.https//donemyessay.com/early-childhood-four-types-of-aggression/Compared with sstudents who have other educational disabilities, sstudents with Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder experience the lowest levels of academic success. A hail of 51% of those identify with Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder drop out of take aim (U. S. section of Education, 2002), and only one in five will attend a postsecondary school (Wagner, Kutash, Duchnowski, Epstein, Sumi, 2005). After high school, people with Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder experience instability in employment and challenges with their mental health.Social alienation for sstudents is highly related to anxiety, depression, and conduct problems, and sstudents who are at risk for Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder whitethorn be seen as lonely, unlikable, provoking, and lacking in social competency. These negative characteristics and outcomes may be avoided or minimized with early identification and intervention. Internalizing and Externalizing Bbehaviors Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder is a good deal identified in internalizing or externalizing categories.Internalizing behaviors are associated with problematic internal feelings, such as anxiety, sadness, reticence, fearfulness, and oversensitivity. Sstudents with externalizing behaviors tend to show outward behavioral problems that include aggression, unruliness, forcefulness, and oppositional behaviors. A a few(prenominal) sstudents may display two internalizing and externalizing behaviors (e. g. , a student with aggressive behaviors who also displays some depressive or anxious feelings), but ordinarily sstudents can be identified as primarily externalizing or internalizing.Screening for both internalizing and externalizing behaviors is big because sstudents with internalizing problems are easily overlooked they typically create few discipline problems and maintain good stigmas, although some may have attention problems. Teachers who are aware of sstudents who are withdrawn, anxious, fearful, and unassertive can help school teams identify them so that early interventions can be put in place. Sstudents with externalizing tendencies are more readily noticed by teachers.Such behaviors as acquire out of ones seat, provoking peers, acting aggressive and refusing to sting on task occur frequently in sstudents with Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder, and those behaviors often require the teachers attention or disciplinary actions. Sstudents with Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder tend to have high numbers of office referrals for behavioral offenses. Sstudents who commit one to three behavioral offenses in sixth grade are more likely to have continu ed behavior problems in eighth grade and are less likely to be on track for high school graduation (Tobin Sugai, 1999).Gender Issues Most sstudents identified as at risk for or as having Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder are virile. Surprisingly this prevalence occurs in both the external and internal categories, although male sstudents are more likely to display external behaviors than internal ones. This may be seen when adolescent males express depressive feelings externally through negative social interactions. Females are identified as being at risk less frequently, but when they are identified, they are more commonly identified as internalizes.Because males are much more likely to be identified as Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder or as at risk for Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder, teachers and administrators must be sure that they are not overlooking the take and behaviors of adolescent females in the screening process (Young, Sabbah, Young, Reiser, Rich-ardson, 2010). Environme ntal Factors Teachers often notice environmental factors. When sstudents appear hungry or tired, teachers may view them as being at risk. In addition, teachers notice sstudents who appear to have less-involved parents or familial stress.One group of researchers determined that nontraditional family structure, low socioeconomic status, multiplex school changes, urban school atmosphere, and parental dissatisfaction with the school were all predictors of school elision (expulsions and suspensions) for sstudents with Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder (Achilles, McLaughlin, Croninger, 2007). Those findings suggest that heightened EBD indicators as measured by school exclusion may be submitd by a students environment. Quality of life issues or other environmental factors may influence the manifestation of.Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder When sstudents completed a quality of life survey, those identified as having Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder demonstrated lower feelings of self competenc y and reported negative relationships with others. These quality of life scores did not differ significantly across ages or between the sexes of sstudents with Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder. (Sacks Kern, 2008). Practical Issues naturalize teams should determine who might manage the screening process and summarize its results. Further, schools should also consider what resources are available for intervention.If they have inadequate resources, screening may be inadvisable identifying sstudents who are at risk but not providing the reasonable interventions could be considered an impractical and inappropriate use of resources. Another important issue to consider is what permissions are needed to conduct school simple screening. Typically parents must grant permission for their child to complete a survey or any type of measure that could identify him or her as being at risk. But if a teacher completes a measure, such as a teacher nomination form, it could be considered a typical Chi ld Find aactivitya normal educational process.If the teacher completes an individualized form (i. e. , the SDQ or BASC-2 BESS) for all sstudents, parental permission is probably needed. Consulting with territory administrators and attorneys most this issue is prudent. Confidentiality, including how the entropy will be stored and who will have access to the information, must be discussed before screening takes place (Young, Caldarella, Richardson, Young, in press). Chapter III Methodology This research uses student-made questionnaire. The research is purely a descriptive research with 20 respondents chosen randomly.The data gathered are tabulated and canvass by finding its frequency ppercentage. A. ResearchMethod/ Design This research employs descriptive method of research. Descriptive method is use in order to find facts about Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder which is adequate in this research. The method of collecting data was the normative survey, which is looking to the comm onality of the responses of the respondents using the student-made questionnaire, prepared and made by the researcher. B. Subject/Respondents/ParticipantsThis research uses 20 respondents taken from the population or families of Barangay DBB-1, Barangay DBB-F ( city of Dasmarinas) and families from Anabu II-F, City of Imus. The respondents of the study were chosen randomly. C. Statistical Tools/ Treatment/Instruments The instrument used to collect data was the questionnaire. For validation purposes the questionnaire was distributed to the twenty respondents for them to fill up. The respondents were chosen randomly. The data are collected or gathered, tabulated and analyzed by finding the stringent and frequency.In analyzing the data, the researcher used the Frequency Ppercentage . Using the frequency ppercentage, the researcher will be able to determine the most number of occurrences in a certain aspect of research. D. Data Analysis The data in this research were analyzed using th e following treatments Frequency and Ppercentage. The frequency of particular observance is the number of times the observation occurs in the data. The frequency of each hold dear or class interval is expressed as a ppercentage of the total number of observations. A ppercentage is a way of expressing a number as fraction of 100.

Developing Effective Teamwork in Organizations Essay

There atomic number 18 many polar opinions and definitions of transcriptional organize. bodily structure in a dis nonplus is the arrangement of the functions used to do the manoeuver. Thompson said the structure is the inner structure of the differentiation and the relations. He referred to the structure as the means by which the governing adjusts boundaries and limits for the powerful get alongance of its members, by the definition of responsibilities, resource control and otherwise(a) issues. Katz and Kahn said that the structure is a serial of interconnected events that occur, fill and reclaim a cycle of activities. Culture, in an organisational context, bum generally consider as the sum of a throng or as a tribe to think, believe, feel and act plenty be delimitate. Culture is the charge of life of a chemical group of race. More formal floriculture includes acquired as a complex whole, knowledge, belief, art, morals, customs and any other capabilities an d habits of the members of a society. A corporation may be represented by the members of a nation as well as of members of an agreement. organisational structure and culture of the Uni-Lever Brothers Organizational structure mobiliseed Unilever is commonplace hybrid.The ships air divisiony operates three regions of the divisual sensation two harvesting segments and five operating(a) segments. They unquestionable a simple structure to colloquy processes and effective use of on tap(predicate) resources for the growth of the organization to rush along. Company executives set up consists of six layers of the junior managers (local officials) to the Manager of the fifth year (the managers Unilever). isolated from this, the company employs many non-executives and cooperatives functional in factories. As a multinational company Unilever a common culture for their activities has amazeed. They believe that all the people who act as for their business and their ability to gr ow. The bodied culture is to believe in the conceptions and support. Be a diversified company, they need to create a common subject argonaing purlieu by combining c arfully the involve of different people, so that they are motivated and proud to discipline for the company.Unilever is to develop a high gear commercial principles and code of ethics for the company a groovy character in the industry. Organizational structure and culture of Shaheen PHARMACEUTICALS Shaheen Pharmaceuticals is a do drugs known and reputable with much than 350 employees from different regions. Shaheen Pharmaceuticals has the distinction of being the startning organization in the Swat Valley, which has received ISO 90012000 Quality Management is mavin of the famous and recognized IIC organization in Dubai received, UAE-based Arab countries and the Joint Accreditation System of Australia and modern Zealand (JAS-ANZ) in 2007. Shaheen in recent years has initiated the implementation of the reform of the homophile resources in a structured appearance. Shaheen Pharmaceuticals successfully the process of benevolent resources cultivation at the beginning, with the changing involve of the organization of knowledge, skills and competencies aligned started.Shaheen pharmacy subscribe to a focussing bolt, the traditional functional departments are available to commit non-homogeneous activities of the organization. DIFFERENCE OF THE TWO ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURES AND conclusionS The organizational structure of the Uni-Lever Brothers is a functional the functional structure, the structure is constructed so that to each one part of the Organization grouped according to their purpose. Functional Structure is well suited for small businesses, in each case where department can count on the shutdownowment fund and expertise of its employees and support. However a dis receipts of a functional Structure the coordination and intercourse between Services may be limited by the bou ndaries of the organization have different departments give waying fractionly as in the case of Uni-Lever Brothers. Shaheen has a pharmaceutical organization chart the format of a functional structure, repairly the difference in the two Top organizational structure uni-lever is that brothers have a hybrid Form. These organizations will help projectized Departments. frequently report directly to the project Head or as a separate functional group to support unique(predicate) Functions. The definitive advantage that a hierarchical organization. The communication overhead reduced, as each squad has a Superiors and subordinates.TASK 1bIMPACT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE AND CULTURE ON THE BUSINESS PERFORMANCE Unilever has such(prenominal) a multi-domestic dodging of decentalisation of strategical and operational decisions in either country that the product can be adapted to local preferences. Unilever international geographic structure has its alime nt area that it can be adapted in different countries on trends and consumer demand regionalized. In addition, the company has certain a growth strategy as a path of growth that. During pruning its four hundred brands of 1600 brands with fierce competition in the dry land of multinational and national companies to accelerate growth in the next five years. The company has taken to go on significant restructuring and organizational changes with the organizations addresss.Alignment with senior anxiety goals of the company are divided into two units, the unit of food and abode and personal care products unit split. They distributed control subsidiaries with headquarters and selling companies are not profits. Organizational structure of Unilever is commonly a hybrid superstar. The company operates three regions of the role two product segments and five functional segments. They developed a simple structure to communication processes and effective use of available resources for th e growth of the organization to accelerate. The bodied culture is to believe in the ideas and support. Be a diversified company, they need to create a common working(a) environment by combining carefully the needs of different people, so that they are motivated and proud to work for the company.Unilever is to develop a high commercial principles and code of ethics for the company a untroubled reputation in the industry. Todays business world has become globalized, the resources left(p) Training strategic internal and external, in coiffe to further the objectives of the organization. The main goal is the company HR strategy with the company to combine a competitive advantage. After major restructuring of business processes Unilever concentrates the use of its resources to its business strategy. They conventional a work program simply smart people work on three levels Manage time effectively and simplify their work with a series of tools To work in a team within the company Ea sy to work in terms of process and organizational payload of employees Its HR function was restructured into three shares, which allows them to remove the complexity of the HR model.. The first is to their day to day transactional problems, manage shared services. Second comp one(a)nt included the centralization of units within the company in areas such as education, administration, compensation and organizational maturation. Third component included development and voice communication of HR solutions to solve business problems with the help of a group of piece resource guidance specialists. Unilever is a global name in the world today, and has a large number of employees worldwide. For the company to be competitive in the world market must carefully synchronize their HR policies with the companys strategy to achieve their goals.Building a corporate culture is part of a key strategy that includes employee passion to win in port, attitudes and motivation. What can be achieved in restructuring the organization, employee assessment, workshops and awards? Unilever has a model called competitive direct for the growth visibility, the various components of the process of creating a vision of growth for every person in the company, to motivate them for the purpose of work is developed feature organization. The implementation of this model is a challenge in a specific vocation, but the goal was to a fault the commitment of the cater to get to work towards. Using factors LGP new company is trying to change the behavior of the manager, to the strategic objective of business growth and development, and recruitment process instruction (Sustainable Development, 2008) are linked. TASK 1cINDIVIDUAL AND ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIORCulture of an organization is very strategic to play an burning(prenominal) role, whether or not the organization is a happy, sound place for many executives do not deny work, the impressiveness of corporate culture in employee pleasure, a sudden acceptedly shaping get along head federal agency some direct implications it. It is often assumed that cultures are fixed, but this surmisal is wrong. It is substantial that draws at all levels or so their roles and responsibilities in the abnegation of the positive work environments that can increase employee satisfaction are. Dissatisfaction is the leading fond movement of revenues and costs, and may have adverse environmental effects on the body. someone BehaviorIndividual behavior refers to how individuals behave in the workplace their behavior is influenced by his attitude, personality, perception, learning and motivation. This withal refers to the combination of reactions to internal and external stimuli. Factors touch individual behavior can be Demography Demographic factors, socioeconomic tolerateground, education, nationality, race, age, gender, etc. are organizations that people who belong to a higher socio-economic well-educated, untried people, et c. because they prefer to be more effective than others probably. Young and driving professionals who have a good academic background and effective communication skills are always in high demand. The study of demographic factors is important because managers help you choose the even out candidate for a locate.Ability and Skills bodily ability of a person to do something can be depict as the ability. Competence can be seen as the ability in a way that allows a person to perform well defined act. Individual behavior and the performance is tenderly influenced by the ability and skills. A person may well in the organization if their skills are matched with the job requirements. Managers play an important role in the skills and abilities of employees with the requirements of the position correspond. Perception It is a cognitive process to interpret environmental stimuli and to make responses accordingly. Each individual on his preferences can base and organize its responses. To int erpret environmental stimuli thither are several factors that accept the perception of one. The study of perception plays an important role for managers.It is important for managers to create a positive work environment so that employees can perform let on. Employees are to the highest degree handlely to make headway if they perceive a positive way. Attitude According to psychologists, the attitude as a tendency to respond positively or negatively to certain objects, persons or situations are defined. Factors such as family, community, culture, colleagues and organizational factors influence the administration of attitudes. Manager of a company, the variables associated with the task. Working environment in a gilt way, that people are trying to create study form a positive attitude toward their jobs Employees can better in the organization, if they are positive. nature Personality as the study of the properties and characteristics of an individual can be the interdependent r elationship between them and how a person reacts and adapts to different people and situations. The various factors that influence an individuals personality are heredity, family, society, culture and situation. It implies that individuals differ in their nature and meets the organizational environment. Personality can be considered the most complex aspect of human behavior that is significantly affected. We can abstain that the study of personality traits is a chance to understand people. It helps them to properly point their efforts and motivation to achieve the organizational goal. It refers to the fact that various environmental factors to recruit different responses. The study of these reactions is very important for the organization. Every organization needs a certain kind of conduct of their employees, and such behavior can be discovered by means of observation, learning, expo sure as shooting, education, etc.LEARNING OUTCOME 2Task 1 leading sprintsA mien of leaders lea ding provider of consulting, implementation plans and motivate. There are many different types of leading that can be presented by the leaders in politics, business or other.Authoritarian leadership StyleAn autocratic leader has uncompromising postponement and tight control over doers by giving the strict regulation policies and procedures, to the disciples. To keep the focus on the distinction between authoritarian leaders and their followers, these kinds of deports are implemented so as to make sure to create a professional relationship separate. Direct supervision, is what they believe to be the key to maintaining an cost-effective and trailer boat. In fear, unproductive supporters authoritarian leaders keep a watchful eye and it is requisite that something be done.Examples of communicative behavior authoritarian stage a job cop, a teacher ordered a student to do his duty, and a cleaning supervisor instructed a subordinate workstation. All of these positions require a si gnificant number of features that give the leading to put things in order or a point of view. Authoritarian features sets goals individually, engaged primarily in one direction, downward communication, control conversations with the faithful, and the interaction donation.Paternalistic Leadership StyleAs a paternalistic leader, by taking care of you as a father figure would work to their subordinates as parents. In this way the leadership of the Chief provides comprehensive care for his followers or workers. In return, he gets the full trust and the true of his people. Workers under the leadership carriage should be very committed to what the leader thinks and do not hit and work independently. The relationship between the leaders and colleagues are extremely strong. Workers should deterrent with a company for a longer period due to the loyalty and trust. Not only do they treat each other like family into the labor market, but also outside. These workers are in a position to th e other with all the problems that they are going through something because they believe what they say, actually help. One of the drawbacks of a paternalistic leader is that the leader can begin to play in the decisions favorites. This guide includes workers are more likely to follow and for those who were less faithful to exclude.Democratic Leadership StyleDemocratic leadership includes the leaders of the decision-making skills to share with the group to promote the interests of the members of the group and the enforce of social equality. This manner includes discussions to encourage debate and the exchange of ideas and people feel good about their participation. The boundaries of democratic participation in the rule of the organization or group needs and the instrumental value of these attributes (skills, attitudes, etc.) are limited. Democratic trend includes the idea that everyone needs, due to their status as human beings play a role in the decisions of the group. But the D emocratic leadership still needs guidance and control by a specific leader.The democratic style requires the leader to decide who should be called within the group and make the right decisions and to move into and vote. Research has shown that this type of leadership is one of the most efficient and creates greater productivity has improved contributions from the members of the group and group increased morale. In situations where the roles are not clear or time is short, the Democratic leadership to lead the communication failures and unfinished projects. Democratic leadership works best(p) in situations where group members are qualified and willing to share their knowledge. It is also important to allow sufficient time to help people develop a plan and then vote on the best way to have effect.Laissez-faire Leadership StyleLaissez-faire leadership style was first described by Lewin, Lippitt and White in 1938, and the autocratic leadership and democratic leadership style. The lai ssez-faire style is sometimes referred to as manpower off management style, because the leader delegates tasks to their fans and has little or no deduction for the disciples. If the leader moves to its followers, it can sometimes lead to a lack of productivity, satisfaction and cohesion. Laissez-faire leaders loyal to complete freedom can make decisions on the conclusion of their work. It allows supporters a high degree of autonomy and independence, opus providing advice and support at the same time the demand. The weary head with the independence Tour, trailer with all necessary materials in order to achieve their goals, but do not participate directly in the decision, unless the disciples to ask for their help.Transactional Leadership StyleTransactional leadership style was first described by slime Weber in 1947 and later in 1981 by Bernard Bass. In this style he mainly used management to focus on transactional leaders. They guide their followers and motivated them by a syste m of rewards and punishments. There are two factors that are the basis of this system, rewards and management by censure. Offers rewards contingent rewards, both material and psychological for the efforts and recognize good performance. Management by exception allows the driver to maintain the status quo. Occurs when the subordinates do not meet an pleasing level of performance and corrective intervene to improve performance. Management by exception relieves managers, as they are called in when employees are away from. resemblance of the Five Leadership StylesAuthoritarian leadership is best applied to situations where at that place is little time for group decision making or better informed when the leader of the member of the group. The paternalistic leader promotes the organization because she workers to perform tasks, so you can allow them to stay on top of their work. A worker task that boosts confidence and makes them work harder to achieve a goal and to exceed proved that they work hard. With this style of management can also help a reward system.This system allows employees to better, because there is something for them at the end of the tunnel. While doing this, they will also be able to perform more work in a given period. The democratic style requires the leader to decide who should be called within the group and make the right decisions and to participate and vote. Democratic leadership will give you better ideas and creative solutions to problems because the group members are encouraged to share their thoughts and ideas. Although democratic leadership style is one of the most effective leadership, it has some potential drawbacks. The laissez-faire style effective for use The fans are highly qualified, experienced and educated. The fans are proud of their work and will do it on their own. Outside experts, such as staff specialists or consultants are used. The fans are experienced and trustworthy.This style should not be used if The followers a sense of insecurity to the unavailability of a leader. The leader cannot or do not regularly reporting back to their disciples Effective leadership styles Uni-Lever Brothers In large multinational companies such as Uni-Lever Brothers Company endorsed the concept of leadership not only with traditional dimensions such as strokes and styles, but also at the level of the leadership skills developed through the process generated history of organizational learning. It forms what is believed to lead can affect considerable strategic importance, announced the general performance of the multinational Unilever in 2001 Path to Growth of the new strategy by the number of products in its portfolio in 1200 400 to instead Unilever brands create a space for global growth.A key strategy as building a corporate culture aims to encourage employees to gain market behavior due to their convey of mind, passion and motivation. This culture has been developed through an organizational restructuring, a ssessment, workshops and awards. The most important is the strategic reorientation model combines Unilever new skill, leadership for the growth profile (LGP), and the following elements. First of all, everyone in the company should have a vision for growth. Growth is considered the key criteria for the conduct of employees of Unilever. Second, any increase in growth through the implementation and for other growth stimulating.Third, it is important to get the commitment of growth. And defining a new set of skills LGP / factors and the use of management development and recruitment Unilever tries to change the behavior of managers and increase behaviors that are related to the strategic objectives of growth. Unilever said Expatriate Manager Orientation power is lower than the other cultural attribute value to the company. Low score on this carapace reflects the heritage management and previous painful realities of economic transition.Effective Leadership Styles in the Pharmaceutical S haheenThe basic goal of the pharmaceutical industry Shaheen is to upgrade high quality medicines at affordable prices with the latest technology and a highly technical. To achieve this goal, the Company has GLP, GMP and ISO 90012000 GWP requirements and continual improvement of their management and merchandise tasks. Shaheen Pharmaceuticals by style bureaucratic activities of the HR department, that all core businesses which position a person has only one main HRD activities. Shaheen pharmacy has one of the best systems management career. The Company periodically reviews its employees and as far as the improvement of their career is to be feared, the company has an appropriate strategic planning, through which it raised the level of staff training. The company offers workshops, seminars, visits, key employees and other pharmaceutical training courses that focus on the injection of expertise and professionalism of the staff.TASK 2ORGANISATIONAL THEORIESOrganizational opening as th e study of organizations in favor of the recognition of common themes in order to solve problems, the maximization of the efficiency and productivity and to meet the needs of the stakeholder organization theories are theories of unequivocal, neo-classical and modern. It complements studies of organizational behavior studies and humane Resource Management. Organizational scheme aims to understand the structure within organizations. The enquiry aims to find out if it. Better way of structuring organizations, or if it varies depending on the situation. some other goal is to understand what causes. These theories are further categorized into three categories to wit classical, neo classical and modern theories. Advantages and disadvantages of the classical system of management practice Although classical perspective promotes efficiency, it is often to ignore the needs of people criticized.Moreover, it is rarely considered human error or the variability of the performance. One of the advantages of the traditional management structure is a clear organizational hierarchy with three levels of separate management. Each management group has its own goals and responsibilities. One of the advantages of the classical greet to management is the division of labor. The projects are divided into small tasks easy to accomplish. The division of labor leads to increased productivity and efficiency, because the workers should not multitask. According to the classical conjecture of management, employees must be motivated by financial rewards. Owner of a small business can take to motivate this come on by staff to achieve production. The approach of the autocratic leadership is the central part of the classical management theory. The autocratic leadership approach is generally to be made quickly by a chieftain of small decisions without a large group of people, such as advising a board.Small businesses, sole proprietorships, may have a particular advantage in this approach because they have a strong leader need to grow. Classical management theory was rigid and mechanistic and it is a clear inadequacy of the classical organization theory. Its main drawback is that it has tried to explain the motivation of the people who work strictly for economic success. Another weakness of the classical organizational theory rests on the assumption that all organizations are somewhat similar. Thompson and McHugh (2002 6) Quote Salaman (1979 33), which states A real organizational sociology is not by the efforts of some analysts helped organization hypotheses about organizations in general to develop an amalgam of these examples as diverse as voluntary organizations, charities and political organizations.Advantages and disadvantages of neoclassical theory in practice management The human relations movement developed in response to the strong and authoritarian structure of the classical theory. He raised many questions which theory from the classical. The most seriou s objection to the classical theory is that it created on the conformation and stiffness, wading creativity, personal growth and motivation. Neoclassical theory appears genuine link up for human needs. Neoclassical theory focuses on individual behavior or group, and the relationships determine productivity. The main features of the neoclassical approach are individual group work and participatory management style. Neoclassical theorists have recognized the importance of individual and collective behavior and emphasized human relationships.Based on the Hawthorne experiments, stressed the neoclassical approach, the relationship between the social or human operators, researchers and regulators (Roethlisberger and Dickson, 1943). It has been argued that these considerations were consistent determination productivity as simple changes in working conditions. Productivity gains achieved as a result of high morale, which was affected by the amount of each employee, personal attention and get intimate. Advantages and disadvantages of the modern theory of management practice Modern theories are based on the idea that the organization is a scalable system that must adapt to changes in their environment. Modern theories are systemic approach, the socio-technical approach and the concept of contingency or situation.The systems approach views the organization as a system consisting of a series of interconnected composed and interdependent subsystems. The socio-technical approach is to look up the organization as a social system, the technical system and its environment. They interact with each other and it is necessary, according to balance for the effective functioning of the institution. The contingency or situational approach recognizes that organizational systems are interrelated with their environment and different environments call for different organizational relationships for effective organization. Some major features of the modern approaches of the organization are Theses approaches are a systemic and dynamic process of believe and interaction. These approaches are multilevel, probabilistic, multi-motivated and multidimensional in nature.

Unwritten Law in Malaysia

Unwritten up honorablenesss ar justnesss that are non enacted and not found in any constitution. It comprises of side pay ( mutual fairness and Equity), legal decisions and customs. putting green right of nature is a major part of many extracts, exceptionally Commonwealth countries. It is mainly made up of non statutory laws, which are the motives derived from judgments apt(p) on real fountains by judges. Law of Equity resolves disputes between persons by referring top principles of fairness, equality and justness. In these strips,nothing was d unmatchable against the law by the parties to dispute, plainly their rights are in conflict.Thus, it is diffe aim from law,both the Statutory Law enacted by fantan and State Legislatives and Common Law which consists of precedents and opinions given on real cases by judges. In situations where in that respect is no law governing a particular circumstance, Malayan case law may return. If there is no Malayan case law, po sition case law can be utilise. on that point are instances where Australian, Indian,and Singaporean cases are used as persuasive authorities. contribution 3(1)(a) Civil Law Act 1956 states that courts in peninsular Malaysia should put one across Common Law and the Law of Equity as ad curateed in Eng unload on seventh April1956.Section 3(1)(b) and Section 3(1)(c) of Civil Law Act 1956 states that courts in Sabah and Sarawak should apply general law and law of equity together with the edicts of general application as administered in England on 1st December 1951 and 12th December 1949 accordingly. solely it is not stated that the Common Law and Law of Equity in Malaysia should remain unmodified and engage the same law as administered in England. Common law and law of equity in Malaysia should be create and amended according to the local needs. In addition, these two laws should also come upon into account of changes in these laws in England.However, Malaysian government can even out their own scope for the amended or repea direct Common Law and Law of Equity in Malaysia. In the case, Commonwealth of Australia v. Midford (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. , it was held that the belief of sovereign or crown immunity which was developed in incline Common Law after 1956 should apply in Malaysia. It was said that any developments in side Common Law after 1956 should apply in Malaysia. In the case,Smith Kline & group A French Laboratories Ltd. v. Salim (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. ,It was held that the courts have the countenance to put aside any Common Law or Law of Equity which cannot be applied in Malaysia.In the case,Jamil bin Harun v. Yang Kamsiah & An some early(a),It was answerd that courts have the authority to decide whether to follow English Law ( commons law and law of equity) or national law, considering the circumstances and the scope the written law permits to do so. In the case,Karpal Singh v. humankind Prosecutor,It was held that the criminal offences i n Malaysia were provided by Criminal Procedure Code of Malaysia and therefore, there is no grant for English law to apply. There are reliable boundaries as to the application of Common Law and Law of Equity in Malaysia.Common law can apply in the absence of local legislation. topical anaesthetic law is regarded highly that the English law. The English law is only meant to encounter in the lacuna, in which the local legislation is not present. Only the pertinent part which is suited to the local needs and circumstances applies. Malaysia is made up of different races, each possessing their own customs, different from English law. The entire import of English law means that the sovereignty of loca. The case law link up to the boundaries of applicationis,Syarikat Batu Sinar Sdn.Bhd. v. UMBC Finance Bhd. In this case, problem of double financing occurred when first emptors (UMBC Finance Bhd. ) indorsement of ownership claim was not include in the registration cardof vehicle. UMBC tried to repossess the vehicle. The plaintiff sued UMBC, claiming that defendants were notentitled to the vehicle. It was held that the English law requires the indorsement of ownership claim in registration card, but the law in Peninsular Malaysia does not really require the indorsement to be attached with the registration card of vehicle.The law regarding the indorsement of ownership claims in Malaysia which applies to the local circumstanceshas to be distinguished from the English law race is affected. two components of English law are English commercial law and English land law. English Commercial Law is provided by the class 5(1)and section 5(2) of Civil Law Act 1956. The principles of English commercial law apply in Peninsular Malaysia except Penang and Malacca in absence of local legislations Section 5(1).This includes laws regarding partnership,banking, principals and agents, life and insurance and soon. There is no entire habituation on English commercial law as only ce rtain principles apply and many local statutes have been inserted to the English Commercial Law. English Commercial Law applies in Penang,Malacca, Sabah and Sarawak as the law administered in these states volition be the same as law administered in England, in the worry case at corresponding period Section 5(2). These states are yet dependant on the English Commercial Law. In the case,Koon Thean Soong v.Tan Eng Nam,it was held that English law of partnership was inapplicable as there is a local statute governing the partnership in Malaysia, which is Contract(Malay State) Ordinance. As for the English grunge Law, no(prenominal) of the English Land Law concerning the tenure, conveyance,assurance of or succession to any estate, right or interest there in applies in Malaysia. In Malaysia,National Land Code is the law that governs the land matters and there is no any allowance for English land law, unless the National land code applies it for the legal comity.The case colligate i s United Malayan Banking Coperation Bhd &Another v. Pemungut Hasil Tanah, Kota Tinggi. In this case, Johor State Authority transferred land to a proprietor with certain conditions and annual rent as consideration. The rent and penaltieson arrear payments were not settled. Johor State Authority served anotice to forfeiture the land as the right of consequence of the offence. The appellant, Johor State Authority and the proprietor,appealed and they were granted comforter against forfeiture. Collector of Land revenue appealed to federal court and the appellants appealed to Privy Council.It was held that English land law concerning the relief against forfeiture is inapplicable in Malaysia. second-stringer against forfeiture means that order for forfeiture is cancelled and it was provided by Malaysian National Land Code. Judicial decisions are ground on doctrine of salad dressing precedent. Precedents are the decisions made by judges antecedently in similar circumstances. There ar e two types of precedents. Mandatory precedent is applied when the decisions of choice court are natural covering on turn down courts or the superior courts are bound by their own decisions previously. link essay Disadvantages of Foreign Workers in MalaysiaHowever, the decisions of lower courts are not binding over superior courts. The lower courts must refer to the authorization precedents of superior courts. However, judge of superior court will distinguish a case before him and the cases laying down the precedents and can decide not to follow the mandatory precedent if he thinks that the mandatory precedent is not related to the case before him. From this, an original precedent is formed. Persuasive precedent is a precedent which is useful or relevant to a case. It is not mandatory for the judges to apply persuasive precedent.Persuasive precedent may be binding on lower courts if judges of superior court choose to apply persuasive precedent. Customs are another important sour ce of extempore law. Customs are inherited from one generation to another generation. every(prenominal) race hasits own customs. Chinese and Hindus customs are governed by Chinese and Hindu Customary Law. Natives in Sabah and Sarawak have their own customary law which relates to the land and family matters. Adat applies to malays. There are two types of Adat Adat Perpatih and Adat Temenggung. Adat Perpatih applies in Negeri Sembilan and Naning in Malacca.The rum characteristic of Adat Perpatih is matrilineal form of organization. It concerns with matters such as land tenure, filiation, inheritance and election of members of lembaga and YDP. Matrilineal is a system of rules in which one belongs to mothers lineageit generally involves the inheritance of property,names or titles from mother to daughters. Adat Temenggung applies in other states. It is based on the characteristic of patrilineal form of organization. Patrilineal is a system in which one belongs to generates lineage it generally involves the inheritance of property,names or titles from father to sons.After the establishment of Law Reform(Marriage and Divorce) Act 1976, the family law has been given enforcement on matters of marriage, split and inheritance. As a result,the Chinese and Hindu Customary Laws have preoccupied its effect as an important source of unwritten law in Malaysia. Muslim law, which is only applicable to Muslims, isenacted under the Federal Constitution. The statelegislatures have the top executive and are permitted to make Muslim laws pertaining to persons professing the Islamreligion. Such laws are administered by separate courtsystem, Syariah Courts.State legislature also has the jurisdiction over the constitution, organization and procedures of Syariah Courts. Now, Islamic laws are increasingly applied in banking and land laws other than applied to family matters and estate matters. The YDPA is the head of Islam in his home state,Penang, Malacca, Sabah, Sarawak and Fe deral Territories. The head of Islam of other States is Sultan. Sections 3 and 5 of the Civil Law Act allows for the application of English common law, equity rules, and statutes in Malaysian civil cases where no specialized laws have been made.In 2007, the then Chief Justice of Malaysia,Tan Sri Ahmad Fairuz Abdul Halim questioned to need toresort to the English common law despite Malaysia having already been independent for 50 years and proposed to interchange it with Islamic law jurisprudence orsharia law. The Federal Court of Malaysia is the highest judicial authority and the final court of appeal in Malaysia. The country,although federally constituted, has a single-structured judicial system consisting of two parts the superior courts and the subordinate courts.The subordinate courts are the Magistrate Courts and the Sessions Courts whilst the superior courts are the two High Courts of co-ordinate jurisdiction and status,one for Peninsular Malaysia and the other for the State s of Sabah and Sarawak, the Court of magical spell and the Federal Court. The Federal Court, earlier know as the Supreme Court and renamed the Federal Court vide Act A885 efficient from June 24, 1994, stands at the apex of this pyramid. Before January 1, 1985, the Federal Court was the highest court in the country but its decisions were further appealable to the Privy Council in London.However on January 1, 1978, Privy Council appeals in criminal and constitutional matters were abolished and on January 1,1985, all other appeals i. e. civil appeals except those filed before that date were abolished. The setting up of the Courtof Appeal on June 24, 1994 after the Federal Constitution was amended vide Act A885 provides litigants one more opportunity to appeal. Alternatively it can be said that the right of appeal to the Privy Council is restored, albeit in the form of the Federal Court. Malaysia is a constitutional monarchy, nominally headed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (paramountru ler), customarily referred to as the king.Kings are elected for 5-year hurt from among the nine sultans ofthe peninsular Malaysian states. The king also is the leader of the Islamic faith in Malaysia. Executive power is vested in the cabinet led by the Prime Minister the Malaysian constitution stipulates that the prime minister must be a member of the lower house of fan tan who, in the opinion of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong,commands a majority in parliament. The cabinet is chosen from among members of both houses of parliament and is responsible to that body.

Bedouins

The enclosure Beduin the Arabic language bring forth-to doe withs to one who lives out in the open, in the desert. The Arabic phrase Badawiyinis a generic material body for a desert-dweller and the English word Bedouin is the derived from this. In ancient times, just almost mass settled near rivers but the Bedouin peoplepreferred to live in the open desert. Bedouins mainly live in the Arabian and Syrian deserts, the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt and the Sahara Desert of North Africa.There argon Bedouin communities in numerous countries, including Egypt, Syria, Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen and Iraq in the Middle East and Morocco, Sudan, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya in North Africa. Altogether, the Bedouin population itemises about 4 million. The Bedouins be seen as Arab assimilations purest representatives and the Bedouins continue to be hailed by other Arabs as ideal Arabs, peculiarly because of their rich oral poetic tradition, their herding lifestyle and their tradit ional code of interest note.The Egyptians refer to the Bedouins as Arab, but Bedouins be distinct from other Arabs because of their encompassing hu kick d stimulatestairs relationship networks, which provide them with partnership support and the basic necessities for survival. Such networks sw all(prenominal)ow tradition all in ally served to ensure safety of families and to protect their property. The term Araab has been synonymous with theterm nomad since the beginning of Islam. The Bedouins be recognized by their (nomadic) lifestyles, special language, favorable accessible organisations and culture. provided few Bedouins live as their forefathers did in camel- and goat hair camp outs, fostering livestock, hunting and raiding.Their numbers be decreasing and nowadays thither are approx. only 5% of Bedouins still live as pastoral nomads in all of the Middle East. Some Bedouins of Sinai are still half-nomads. Bedouins have several(prenominal)(predicate) facial f fer tiliseures by which they can be distinguished from other Egyptians and as well they for the most part dress differently. The Bedouin men wear long djellabaya and a smagg (red pureness draped headcover) or aymemma (white headcover) or a white small headdress, sometimes held in place by an agall (a black cord).The Bedouin women usually wear bright coloured long dresses but when they go outside they dress in an abaya (a thin, long black coat sometimes covered with shiny embroidery) and they go forth al slipway cover their head and hair when they leave their housewith atarha (a black, thinshawl). Traditionally a charwomans face was hidden behind a passing decorated burqaah but this is now only seen with the older generations. The jr. generations cover their face simply with their tarha (shawl).The Bedouins have a rich culture and their own Arabic Bedawi language, which has different dialects depending on the area where they live. In condition days they dialected on the strong be lief in its tribal superiority, in return to the tribal security the support to survive in a hostile environment. The Bedouin is aristocratic and they tend to perceive the Arabian community as the noblest of all nations, purity of inception, way of life and in a higher place all noble ancestry. They often trace their lineage back to the times of the vaticinator Muhammad (PBUH) and beyond.The first converts to Islam came from the Bedouin tribes and therefore (Sunni) Islam is embedded and deeply rooted in the Bedouin culture. orison is an integral part of Bedouin life. As there are no clump mosques in the desert, they pray were they are, facing the Kaaba in Mecca and performing the ritual washing, sooner with water but if not available they wash with rachis instead. The Bedouin is generally open-minded and interested in what is going on in his mop up and far surroundings since this fellowshipd of knowledge has always been a vital tool of survival.At the like time, the Bedo uins are quite suspicious and alert care a low profile about their someonealized background. Modern Arab states have a strong tendency to regulate their Nomadic lifestyle and groundbreaking society has made the traditional Bedouin lifestyle slight attractive, since it is demanding and often dangerous, so m some(prenominal) Bedouins have settled in urban areas and continue to do so. The Bedouin people are faced with challenges in their lifestyle, as their traditional Muslim, tribal culture has begun to mix with western practices.Men are more(prenominal) likely to gear up and interact with the modern cultures, but women are bound by honour and tradition to stay within the family dwelling and therefore lack fortune for advancement. Today unemployment amongst Bedouin people is real high. Only few obtain a high school degree and nonetheless fewer graduate from college. However, for most people the word Bedouin still conjures up a much richer and more mysterious and romanticimag e.. THE ORGANIZATION OF BEDOUINS SOCIETY Until today the clan organization is the rump of the Bedouin society.E precise Bayt (tent) represents a family and the connected families form a clan (Aela). Allmembers of the same clan consider to each one other as of one kindred (Dam) and the spirit of the clan demands unconditional subjection to fellow clansmen. A number of kindred clans form a tribe (Qabilah) with its own land. The clan is represent by an elder or the eldest, choosen by its members, who is powerful but has no absolute authority. In major affairs he must claver with the tribal leader The Shaykh.In most of the Bedouin tribes, the leaders (Shaykhs) are picked for their wisdom and judgment. In others, such as the Allegat and the small Hamada tribe, leadership passes from father to eldest son. You could say, that the Bedouin is a born democrat who meets his Shaykh with respect but on equal modest The Quabilahis a union of extended familiesand is the major family unit. I t is a kinship structure of several generations that encompasses a wide network of blood relations descended by and through the virile line.In the past, the Quabilahprovided its members with economic security and protection (land, labour and water are tribal property), but today with the loss of the Bedouins traditional livelihoods, the Quabilah is less able to fulfil all these functions but it still serves as a major source of identity,psycho- neighborly support and social status. The Bayt and the Aela are the basic social and economic unit of the Bedouin society, but the leaders of these units generally form a council of elders, directed by the head of the Quabilah.The smallest family unit of parents and minorren and the tribe are tight bound by extensive mutual commitments and obligations, such as Hamula, the delivery of gifts. This social network of the Bedouins is netherpinned and maintained by a deeply deep-rooted system of values and expectations that govern the behavi our and the relationships of the members. In practice, age, religious piety, and personal characteristics such as generosity and hospitality, set some men higher up others in the organization of the group. The Shaykh traditionally exercises authority over the allocation of smoke and the arbitration of disputes.His position is usually derived from his own astute reading of the mass opinion. He generally has no power to enforce a last and therefore has to rely on his moral authority and the concurrence of the community with his point of view. In asense, the Bedouins form a number of nations. That is, groups of families are united by common ancestry and by shared territorial reserve allegiance. The exploitation and defence of their common territorial area is effected through a universally accepted system of leadership.For centuries, these nations of Bedouin tribes and their leaders operated in the ecologically and politically shifting landscapes of the Middle East and North Africa . Only in the course of the twentieth century has their traditional flexibility and mobility been checked. Factors foreign to their conception have damaged the territorial mainstay of their societies, necessitating the adoption of new bases of recognition with their nations and its leaders. THE KEY VALUES The key values of the Bedouin society are harmony, kinship solidarity, honourand hierarchy.The Bedouins emphasize cooperation, adaption, accommodation and family cohesion. Individuals are expected to show loyalty and responsibility to the collective, to place its good above their own and to follow the rules and commands of those above them in hierarchy. The Bedouins have a collective attitude to just about everything work, money, family, feuds you name it and the Bedouins will take a collective position because of their highly developed sense of community and tribal loyalties. Family comes first, second and third for them blood is definitely thicker than water.Their strict code o f honour dictates proper behaviour for all members, men, women (see MARRIAGE AND FAMILY ) andchildren and to live according to its ( more) rules, like a healthy person always stands upto greet an older person, theyalways greet allstarting with the person on their righthand and touching on against the hands of the clock to the rest, they always start serving the person on their right hand first(even if this is a child) and then the rest moving against the hands of the clock, etc. Breaking any of these rules meansreal trouble.The (semi)nomadic lifestyleis demanding and thats why thechildren are expected to assume a considerable add of responsibility in order to help their families survive. Although modernization has changed their lifestyle somewhat, emphasis is placed on teaching children to lease on traditional ways of life and the advancement of modern technology is so far not considered important to childrens education. The Bedouin people are known to be very polite and honest. They prefer not to say bad things or be the bearer of bad news. MARRIAGE Marriage for Bedouins has both religious and social significance.FromanMuslim perspective, marriage legalizes informal relations and provides the framework for procreation. From a social perspective, it brings together not only the bride and groom but also their families. Womenare protected in the Bedouin code of honour. A man who is not nigh related to a woman is not allowed to touch her in any way, not even so much as to brush his fingers against hers dapple handing her something. To do so is to dishonour her. Likewise, in some tribes, if a woman brings dishonour to herself, she shames her family because honour is held not by individuals but by the exclusively family.The loss of a womans honour, her ird, is extremely serious amongst the Bedouins. Bedouin men and women enjoy the immunity of choosing their partner. Nevertheless,parents can put sufficient pressure on their children to arrange their marriage . If there is no father to speak for the girl/woman, a brother or other male relative will speak for her. If a male from the family doesnt agree with the choice of a spouse for his daughter, sister or even cousin, he is able to stop the wedding according to Bedouin Law.There is an assignment period for about a year or more, during which the Bedouin boy/man can visit the girl/woman at her family (and most seldom they will be alone) where they can talk, share views and expectations and get to know each other. If the engagementdoes not work out, the ending of the engagement should be do in a way, that there is no shame or stigma on the other (family). Therefore pressure from parents or family should be handled very careful and tactful. BEDOUIN FAMILY he three-generation extended family is the ideal domestic unit.Although this group, averaging between guild and eleven persons, may sleep inmore than one tent or in more than one house, its meals are generally taken together. The newl y formed nuclear family of husband and wife tends to remain with the larger domestic unit until it has sufficient manpower and a large bountiful income (herd) to survive on its own. On occasion, a combination of brothers or direct cousins will join forces to form a single domestic unit. Children and infants are raised by the extended family unit.Parents, older siblings, grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins all take part in the rearing of the young. By the age of 6 or 7, the child begins to take on simple household tasks and soon thereafter becomes a full working member of the family. Adolescence is hardly recognized by the archeozoic teens, at the age of 16 or 17, the individual is accepted as a fullmember of Bedouin society. The Bedouins are lineal. Their names consist of a personal name, the fathers name,the agnatic grandfathers name and the great grandfathers name.Women retain their name and fathers family name unchangedafter marriage. There are distinctive terms for kin on the mothers side and kin on the fathers side. All terms bode the sex of the person designated. The smallest residential unit (Bayt) is named after its senior male resident. However, unlike settled peoples,most Bedouins are also members of larger patrilineal descent groups which are linked by agnation to form even larger lineages and sometimes even tribal confederations. RELIGION AND TRADITIONSThe Bedouins (and Muslims in general) multifariously believe in Jinn (the presence of spirits), some playful and others malevolent, that interfere in the life of humans. Hasset (the envious, evileye) is also very real to the Bedouins and children are believed to be particularly vulnerable. For this reason, they often had protective amulets attached to their clothing or hung nigh their necks. In Islam the existence of ogresses and monstrous super naturals is postulated, known as Maleika Al Ard (Kings of the Earth) and Bedouins believe they are sometimes met by lone travellers in the desert .There is no formal clergy in Islam and no centre of priests. Every Muslim has its own direct relationship with Allah. Bedouin societies have no formal religious specialists. They traditionally arrange for religious specialists, called Shaykh or Sjeikh, from adjacent settled regions to spend several months a year with them to teach the young to read the Quran. A rustic or settled religious specialist that Bedouins seek out for redress and preventative measures is called a Gatib. This is not the same as the Hakim, which is a Bedouin impact/healer is, who specializes in herbal and traditional healing. ) In addition many Bedouins tend to have ceremonies and rituals including elaborate celebrations of weddings, ritual naming of newborn infants and the circumcision of children (boys universally, girls frequently but this is less common nowadays because in the mosque is p takeed that this is in contradiction with the teachings of the holy Quran). According to IslamBedouins ritually sl aughter a goat or a sheep when a child is born.Bedouins call this Foo-ela and their family is invited to eat the prepared meat together. Bedouins of southern Sinai who are influenced by Sufism (Islamic mysticism) also celebrate the Prophets birthday and carry out pilgrimages to the tombs of (local) saints. They onlyworship Allah and these journeys are more important to consolidate the ties to the tribe and the tombs serve as a meeting place. Death and traditions Islamic tradition dictates the practices associated with death. The body is buried as soon as accomplishable and always within 24 hours.Among some Bedouin groups, an effort is made to get down the dead in one place (Maghebr), although often it is impossible to reach it within the strict time limit imposed by Islamic practices. Funeral rites are very simple and Bedouins mark their graves with exeptional simplicity, placing an ordinary oppose (or unmarked board) at the head of the grave, where family regularly place a rei nvigorated leaf of a palm tree. When they visit the graves, they take off their billet and say a prayer, after which they sit around the graves and eat fruit.Children playing around the cemetery always get a (sweet) contend from the visitors. Healing HOT SAND BATH They put their selves in the gumption when theyfeel pain in their bones or the whole body, to let the sand lick the pain and bad fluids out of the body CAMEL MILK The Bedouins take camel as their friend. They have Camel Milk to cure diseases like Hepatitis C, stomach pain, sexual disability, digestion and immunresistancy. Half il bar are herbs from the desert cleaning the kidneys Handal is a kind of fruit from the desert we put for some time under your heel. It helps against rheumatism.