The Ethical Issues of Sex Pre-Selection Essay -- Exploratory Essays Re

The Ethical Issues of Sex Pre-Selection Although science is at a peak for overwhelming and astonishing outbreaks, the ethical issues concerning these â€Å"out breaks† have been inadequately addressed. As the options that couples that are desperate to have a child expand, so do too the expectations of whom the child becomes. Couples are able to choose a donor, of either gender, based on characteristics that they see fit to their liking. Although imperfect, couples now have the ability to choose their child’s gender. â€Å"Medicine tends to be patient-driven at the moment.† Said Charles Strom, MD, PhD, director of medical genetics at Illinois Masonic Medical Center in Chicago. â€Å"A patient needs something and physicians do all they can to provide that service, and that sometimes makes one shortcut the ethical considerations.† With our vast opportunities in reproductive technology, â€Å"one thing that’s not been well defined is what really constitutes research and what is [merely] improvement in clinical design,† Dr. Strom said. (Foubister) Sperm retrieval, in which an elec...

English as a Global language Essay

Discuss the positive and negative impacts of having English as global language Over the last decades English has played an important role around the world as common language for economic, education, scientific and entertainment exchange between nations and in particular between people. The positive aspect is that English language open doors in terms of global communication and business, because this language has become a powerful tool in terms of improving productivity and driving growth where it is used . However, there are also a number of significant negative aspects such as English dominance and loss of languages mainly driven by globalization. Therefore, this essay will argue the negative impacts of having English as a global language because of the way English language affects young people’s linguistic skills and behaviour through mass media. Using English as an international language has some benefits in people’s lives. Firstly, the major positive effect is global communication due to the widespread coverage recognized and understood by people everywhere. One example of how English has helped to improve communication in the world is given by Crystal (2002) English language was implemented in aviation field after the second world war, when the International Aviation Organisation agreed with the objective of traffic control safety. This is important because having one common worldwide language is in a very real sense the final safety net. Additionally, English is the widespread language in education due to the great influence of English in several fields, where communication is the key in order to improve development and knowledge (Weil and Pullin 2011). In fact, today this language is used to normal medium instruction in higher education for many  countries, including several where the language has no official status. What is more, it is that English has had positive impact in business because it is an important tool in terms of driving growth and international development. There are some significant examples in multinational corporations such as Siemens which is the largest electricalengineering  companies in the world located in Germany. Since 2002 the corporate language is English (Fredricksson, Barner-Rasmussen & Piekkari 2006). It is clear that companies use English not only for productivity but also for integrating people at work. Allied to this another case is in Deutsche Bank which implemented English as a common language for meetings, in order to achieve efficiency (Rogerson-Revel 2006). It can be seen then that English language has positive effects in people’s lives not only in everyday life but also in specific fields such as aviation, education and business. However, if one looks closely to the situation of minority languages there are a number of negative aspects of having English as a worldwide tongue. One of these is English dominance. Actually, language plays an important role in terms of influencing people’s behaviour through mass media such as movies, satellite TV and DVDs which can be viewed almost universally, examples of this such as Hollywood Films, TV Series and CNN news (Morris 2002). The effect of mass media does not stop when the movie or program ends. This lingering effect might just be the cause of behavioural changes in people. Another example of the English media dominance is given by Kaul (2011) who argues that most language’s scholars think that the television companies especially from the US have created a variety of programs such as Bloomberg, MTV music television and National Geographic in order to cover different audiences and as a result influences on people’s thinking. It is clear that English has negative consequences on  people through mass media communications due to the influence on their mentality. Language loss is another negative effect of English as global language. Actually, according to Whalen (cited by Gibbs 2002), in the United Kingdom there is some dialect Irish Gaelic, where people started seeing their language  as inferior to the  dominant language, then people ceased speaking it for everyday life. Thus, if  their children stopped speaking their own language as a result the language inevitable will vanish. Another case related to this issue is in the United States where some languages are into extinction such as Shoshone which is the language of native indigenous community, this tongue has been taught for generations carrying the identity of their people. However, due to the pressure of English language and American culture, Shoshone will extinct inevitably (Krauss 2003). This is because Shoshone speakers have been influenced inevitably by American society. It can be seen that, there are significant examples of languages loss this issue is driven by English as worldwide language. Therefore, although English as a global language can have some positive effects in fields such as education aviation and business communication arguably has more adverse effects. Young people have been facing serious problems in their linguistic identity due to English media influences . This aspect continually changes with the individual development, according to the environment and situations in daily life, where English is a powerful tool of communication. One example of this case is given by Kaul (2011) who states that global western brands such as Disney, well known in terms of influencing children’s behaviour through communication and shopping experience. This means that, The US export western perception of entertainment to the children under its consumer strategy with significant consequences in their lives. Another example of  English Media dominance in young people is in television such as cartoon network programs which have become a negative influence in terms of linguistic expressions (Hassan & Daniyal 2013). It is clear that, English language through mass media is affecting negatively behaviour and linguistic skills in young people. Another aspect that it is important to take into account is linguistic Culture loss. A recent study of a group of undergraduate students in selected private and public universities from Malaysia, found that being proficient in English is viewed as superior, higher status and elite social interaction than the local language. (Kim, Siong, Fei & Ya’acob 2010). The implication here is the detriment of the mother tongue and as a result the linguistic culture. According to Keebe  (2003) regarding indigenous linguistic loss is not only an issue in terms of linguistic concern but also in terms of preserving culture. It is clear that, as global language English is responsible for some damages in linguistic culture in some communities. This situation causes that minorities gradually move the language from the mother tongue to the foreign language with consequences in terms of culture identity. It can be seen then that there are some significant evidences to show that English language as a worldwide tongue can have negative effects in minority communities such as language loss and rejection of their own language. Although, some argue that English as a common language may facilitate global communication, there are significant negative impacts in terms of misunderstandings between people. One of these is the pronunciation due to the different English accents around the world. There are some examples in aviation field one example of this was between members of the crew and a passenger in Air New Zealand flight,  from London to Oakland,  California where a young man passenger understood Oakland instead of Auckland. Therefore, was taken to Auckland, next day New Zealand airlines gave him a free-ticket to Oakland (Krivonos 2007). This example shows that misunderstanding can occur in  any part of the flight whether landing or taking off stage. Moreover, there are examples in terms of communication where English as a global language has changed its vocabulary due to the adaptations in different countries depending on the communicative needs such as words associated to traditions, rituals, cooking, recreation, habits, and many other aspects of daily life. For instance, in South Africa the expression ‘The bakkie had to stop at a red robot’ , people need to understand that the word bakkie means a truck and the word robot means traffic light (Crystal 2003). This means that English as a common language is exposed to several changes due to the language itself now belong to the world. Moreover, while some authors claim  that English as a worldwide language has positive impacts in terms of business WorldLingo (cited by Feely and Harzing  2003) has argued that there are several companies  especially in China, South America and Middle East where the guideline is to speak same language as their customers. It is important to take into account that negotiations and legal documents are inevitable in mother tongue. This means that, for companies the priority is customer development needs. Thus, English in these situations does not have benefits for them. Further to this, according to Joshihara (cited by cited by Feely and Harzing  2003) he points out, in his studies  that Japanese multinationals  corporations most of the overseas offices are leading by Japanese people, this means that senior and medium management level prefer to carry on working in Japanese language. This means that, the priority for several companies in Japan is to hire Japanese people in order to solve their language communication issues.  It can be seen that even though there are some positive impacts on having English as a global language for global and business communication purposes, it can be argued that there are several evidences that English plays an important role in terms of misunderstandings and improvement opportunities in business communications whether aviation or multinational corporation In conclusion, English as a global language clearly has a negative impacts on young people’s linguistic skills and behaviour through mass media. While , English has a positive effects in terms of global communications such as aviation, education and business,  there  are  significant  negative  impacts  on  people  due  to  the  misunderstandings such as aviation field and business communication. Moreover, having English as a common language may affect negatively adults’ thinking through media due to the influences on mentality. Additionally, English language plays an important role affecting young people’s behaviour and linguistic skills via mass media. Therefore, English as a worldwide tongue is influencing negatively local languages and by default its survival due to the pressure of the English language in daily life in the communities. Moreover, English language is responsible for damages in linguistic culture whether local communities or minorities in different countries. Therefore, governments and leaders should consider the adverse consequences of English as a global language when making decisions in mass media policies, and consider the importance of its impact on young people and minority communities in terms of linguistic and culture identity. Reference List Crystal, D 2003 , Crystal, D 2003, English as a global language, Cambridge University Press, New York, New York, pp. 70,162. Demont-Heinrich, C 2011,’Cultural imperialism versus globalisation of culture: Riding the structure-agency dialectic in global communication and media studies’, SOC4 Journal, Manuscript. 401, viewed February 2014, pp 3. Feely, A & Harzing, A 2003,’ Language management in multinational companies’, Cross Cultural Management, vol 10, no. 2, pp. 46-47. Fredriksson, R & Barner-Rasmussen, W & Piekkari, R 2006, ‘The multinational corporation as a multilingual organization’, viewed 3 February 2014, . Gibbs, W 2002,’Saving Languages’, Scientific American, pp. 85. Hassan, A & Daniyal, M 2013,’ Carton network and its impact on behaviour of school going children’, International Journal of Management Economics and Social Sciences, Economics, pp. 8. Kaul, V 2011,’Globalisation and media’, Mass communication and journalism, vol 1, pp.4, 5. Kim, L & Siong, L & Fei, W & Ya’acob, A 2010,’ The English language and its impact on identities of multilingual Malaysian undergraduates’, Online Journal of language studies, vol 10, pp.95-96. Krivonos, P 2007,’Communication in aviation safety:lessons learned and lesson required’, . Majidi, A 2013,’ English as a global language; Threat or opportunity for minority languages?’, Mediterranean journal of social sciences, vol 4, np. 11, pp.34. Rogerson-Revell, P 2007, ‘Using English for international business a European case study’, English for specific purposes, vol 26, pp.104. Weil , M & Pullin, P 2011, ‘English as a lingua france in education- Internationalisation speaks English’, . Whaley, L 2003,’The future of native languages’, viewed 5 February 2014, http://www.elsevier.com/locate/futures/

The Cunning and Deceitful Women of Homer’s Odyssey Essay

The Cunning and Deceitful Women of Homer’s Odyssey One of the most famous works from the early Greek era is Homer’s Odyssey. It details the journey home of a war hero, Odysseus. His homecoming entails many adventures, each presented as a separate episode that he must overcome. Though the varied episodes differ in terms of characters and settings, most are based on similar patterns of plot and theme. The themes that are most emphasized are forgetfulness, a willingness to risk pain for pleasure, and female temptation. When comparing the Sirens episode with much of Odysseus’ other adventures, one can observe an emergence and repetition of these themes. The most obvious comparison that can be drawn between the Sirens episode and most†¦show more content†¦Yet, one main difference is evident. Here Odysseus does not receive advice from anyone, rather he passes the challenge through wit and luck. Though Odysseus managed to avoid being tied into the web of the Sirens and the Lotus-eaters, he loses much time with both Calypso and Circe. Circe also draws men in with her songs, but it is her herbs, not the voice, that causes forgetfulness and turns them into beasts. â€Å"Singing with a sweet voice†¦into the mixture malignant drugs, to make them forgetful of their own country.† (10.221, 235-236) Once again it is advice, this time from Hermes, that allows Odysseus to save his men. â€Å"I will tell you all the malevolent guiles of Circe† (10.289) nbsp;The recurrence of help ful stranger, like Circe with the Sirens, is a common plot theme throughout Odyssey. Though he manages to avoid becoming swine, still he succumbs to Circe’s charms and resides on the island for a year. It is only the reminders of his men that bring to his mind the homecoming. â€Å"It is time to think about our own country.† (10.472) Circe is the only one who manages to draw Odysseus away from his homeland, though in the end, he does leave. When concentrating on the theme of forgetfulness, one notices many similarities, both thematic and plot, between the Sirens episode and others. Though the preoccupation of the Siren scene leans to forgetfulness, anotherShow MoreRelated Comparing the Deceitful Women of Homers Odyssey and the Bible1184 Words   |  5 PagesThe Deceitful Women of Homers Odyssey and the Bible Across all barriers, women have always brought pain, suffering, and aguish to the men as demonstrated in both Homers Odyssey and the Bible. With their beauty and grace, temptresses like the Sirens and Delilah lure men into their grasps, only to later steer them to their ruin. Other times, they use their cunning abilities and deception, as Circe and Jezebel did, in order to entice men into doing things that they normally would neverRead More The Women from The Odyssey, The Wife of Bath, and Sir Gawain1690 Words   |  7 PagesThe Women from The Odyssey, The Wife of Bath, and Sir Gawain   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Until recently, the role of women in literature has seemed to reflect the way they were treated in society. Women were seen as secondary to men, and their sole purpose in life was to please a man’s every desire. This is not the case in three specific literary works. The Odyssey, The Wife of Bath, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight use the actions of its women characters to greatly enhance important thematic elements. The womenRead MoreEssay on Deceptive Females of Homers Odyssey1613 Words   |  7 PagesThe Deceptive Females of Homers Odyssey      Ã‚   Homers Odyssey is probably the most famous and well-known epic of all time. This tale relates the adventures of the archetypal hero, Odysseus. Odysseus long journey home takes him to many different places where he encounters many different monsters and creatures, but there are certain recurrent elements throughout. The most common themes in the Odyssey are forgetfulness, willingness to risk pain for pleasure, and sexual temptation.    Read MoreThe Odyssey Telemachia2492 Words   |  10 PagesTHE ODYSSEY Ââ€" Books 1-4 1. The story of Agamemnon, Aegisthus, Orestes and Clytaemenstra is a recurring theme during these first 4 books of the odyssey. The references I have picked up on throughout the four books are as listed: - Book 1, page 4, Section 29-48. This is the first reference to the story of Agamemnon, Aegisthus, Orestes and Clytaemenstra. In this, it is at an assembly of gods in Zeus palace. Zeus, who would open discussion among them, was in thought of the handsome Aegisthus. ZeusRead MoreRole Of Women During Greek Literature1526 Words   |  7 PagesThe role of women in Greek literature has demoralized them and showing them in a maligned light. The women are portrayed as frail, cruel, insensitive, or as seductresses. These characteristics have been integrated into today’s society and [have] built the standards and defined the moral outlook of women. However, in Greek mythology, powerful and strong women are not as well celebrated, such as Athena. Homer’s The Odyssey construes the positive and negative role of women through the epic poem. TheRead MoreEssay on The Odyssey21353 Words   |  86 PagesThe Odyssey Set in ancient Greece, The Odyssey is about the hero Odysseus long-awaited return from the Trojan War to his homeland, Ithaca, after ten years of wandering. The current action of The Odyssey occupies the last six weeks of the ten years, and the narrative includes many places - Olympus, Ithaca, Pylos, Pherae, Sparta, Ogygia, and Scheria. In Books 9-12, Odysseus narrates the story of his travels in the years after the fall of Troy, and this narrative includes other far-flung

Pigeon Discrimination Article review - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 564 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/03/29 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Discrimination Essay Did you like this example? In their research on the discrimination capabilities of pigeons, Watanabe, Sakamoto, and Wakita presented eight untrained pigeons with various pictures or videos of paintings that had two distinct styles: impressionist or cubist. Based on previous research that showed discrimination between types of music heard by pigeons, Watanabe and colleagues aimed to decipher if pigeons could also visually discriminate between the works of Monet and Picasso. Pigeons were trained to peck a key light without any presentation of a stimulus, before being divided into two groups: Monet S+ and Picasso S+. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Pigeon Discrimination Article review" essay for you Create order Pigeons belonging to the Monet S+ group were reinforced with hemp seeds upon correct key pecking when presented with Monet paintings. Similarly, pigeons responding to the Picasso S+ group received reinforcement for correct responses to Picasso paintings. To move onto the testing phase, pigeons were required to correctly discriminate at a 90% ratio. For the four test conditions, Watanabe and colleagues tested for discrimination between different characteristics of paintings, such as color, contour sharpness, orientation (reversed or upside-down) and generalization to similar types of artwork. Whereas pigeons had been trained with full color photographs/videos, test one presented paintings that contained only one color. Likewise, stimuli used in training contained distinct lines and contours, but for test two, these lines were ill-defined and the paintings were blurred. In test three, some paintings presented were either in reverse or upside-down compared to original stimuli. In test 4, birds were shown stimuli consisting of novel paintings from various impressionists/cubist artists, along with original paintings used in discriminative training. In a second experiment, Wantanabe and colleagues used similar training and testing procedures with two pigeons to determine if the subjects could discriminate between pseudoconcept groups of paintings that contained both Monet and Picasso paintings. With S+ being paintings from both artists, testing phases one, two and three were again conducted. Both pigeons were able to successfully discriminate during training at the level required to move onto the testing phase. Although discrimination responses of some pigeons were affected by changes to stimuli in tests one and two for both experiments, there was no significant evidence that a specific characteristic was used for discrimination. In experiment one, a decrease in responses to the Monet S+ group in test 3 demonstrates that a contortion of real objects seen in impressionist art may hinder discrimination, as opposed to the abstract artwork that is seen in works by Picasso. Furthermore, the Picasso S+ group in test 3 did not see a decline in responses during experiment one. However in the second experiment, one pigeon showed a decline in responding while the other pigeon did not. In test four, birds in the Monet S+ group responded to novel Monet paintings and works from other Impressionists, just as birds in the Picasso S+ group responded to novel Picasso paintings and other cubism works. Furthermore, pigeons in Picasso S+ not only discriminated between cubism and impressionism paintings, but al so between the individual paintings themselves. Through these experiments, Wantanabe and colleagues were able to demonstrate how pigeons could discriminate between different categories of paintings, as well as pseudo categories. Pigeons were able to distinguish between Monet, Picasso, and works from impressionist or cubist artists by creating categories based on different characteristics of these stimuli. In summation, results from these experiments indicate that pigeons possess the ability to create groups with generalized stimuli, as well as discriminate between individual stimuli.

The Glass Menagerie Symbolism Essay - 800 Words

Title Tennessee Williams had a rough past that influenced him to write plays about the 1930s. Williams’s life was very successful in his writing, making him known to many. His experiences in the 1930s affected his work. Williams’s homosexuality made him be seen as an outcast in American society. Tennessee Williams utilizes symbolism to express his themes throughout The Glass Menagerie. There are many events in Tennessee Williams’s early life that is similar to the details in The Glass Menagerie. Williams had a bad relationship with his father, who was clinically alcoholic (Debusscher 1). Williams’s dysfunctional family plays a role towards his homosexuality (Debusscher 4). A research group discovered that children who have alcoholic†¦show more content†¦Williams employment of symbolism is needed to capture the reality of illusion (Adler 5). Laura was given the nickname â€Å"Blue Roses† by a boy she loved in high school (Adler 6). Roses are delicate, beautiful, and fanciful, like Laura and her glass animals, but they both have no real existence (Adler 6). The glass unicorn is her favorite glass animal (Beattie 3). When Jim breaks off the horn accidentally, Laura realizes that she ordinary like the unicorn-turned horse (Beattie 4). Another symbol is a dead-end alleyway, which cats are trapped and killed by dogs (Holditch 2). All the characters are trapped in different ways, and each escape into an illusion (Holditch 2). The symbols relate to the themes and characters. The themes provide a deeper understanding of the play and of the characters. Tom’s father abandoned his family, who appears only in a photograph on the wall (Adler 6). Tom abandoned the family the same way his father did, but he wanted to leave his life situation (Beattie 2). Amanda struggles to support her children, who are now grown and refuses to see Laura’s disability (Holditch 2). Amanda escapes into the past and forgets the facts of her own existence (Holditch 2). The family avoids the truth, make excuses, and creating fantasies are a way of invading all issues (Debusscher 3). Tom believes Amanda’s refusal to recognize Laura’s limitation demeans LauraShow MoreRelated Essay on the Symbolism of the Menagerie in The Glass Menagerie1002 Words   |  5 PagesThe Symbolism of the Menagerie in The Glass Menagerie      Ã‚   Tennessee Williams play, The Glass Menagerie, describes three separate characters, their dreams, and the harsh realities they face in a modern world.   The Glass Menagerie exposes the lost dreams of a southern family and their desperate struggle to escape reality. Williams use of symbols adds depth to the play. The glass menagerie itself is a symbol Williams uses to represent the broken lives of Amanda, Laura and Tom Wingfield andRead More Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie Essay1629 Words   |  7 Pages Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;From the beginning, the figure of the narrator shows that Williams play will not follow the conventions of realistic theater. The narrator breaks the conceptual quot;fourth wallquot; of naturalistic drama by addressing the audience directly. Tom also tells us that he is going to give the audience truth disguised as illusion, making the audience conscious of the illusory quality of theater. By playing with the theme of memory and itsRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie Symbolism Essay1424 Words   |  6 PagesImagination or Illusion Can Create Big Trouble The Glass Menagerie is a five-character memory play written by Tennessee Williams in 1945. The play is introduced to the audience by Tom, the narrator and protagonist, as a memory play based on his recollection of his mother Amanda, his sister Laura, and his friend Jim O’Connor as a gentleman caller. There is a fifth character in the play, Tom’s father who doesn’t appear except in the photograph frame. Among them one of the most interesting charactersRead More Essay on Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie1171 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism in The Glass Menagerie Symbolism plays an integral part in Williams’s play, The Glass Menagerie. Examples of the use of symbolism include the fire escape, as an escape from the family, the phonograph, as an escape from reality, the unicorn, as a symbol for Lauras uniqueness and the father’s photograph, representing something different to each character. Through regonition of these symbols, a greater understanding of the play’s theme is achieved. Throughout the play, Tom WingfieldRead More Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie Essay1022 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism is an integral part of every play. The author uses symbolism in order to add more depth to the play. In Tennessee Williams’ play, The Glass Menagerie, he describes three separate characters, their dreams, and the harsh realities they face in a modern world. The Glass Menagerie exposes the lost dreams of a southern family and their desperate struggle to escape reality. Everyone in the play seeks refuge from their lives, attempting to escape into an imaginary world. Williams uses the fireRead MoreSymbolism in the Glass Menagerie Essay831 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism in The Glass Menagerie Symbolism plays a fundamental part in Tennessee Williams’s play, â€Å"The Glass Menagerie†. Examples of the use of symbolism include the fire escape, as an escape from the family, the phonograph, as an escape from reality, the unicorn, as a symbol for Lauras uniqueness and the father’s photograph, representing something different to each character. Through recognition of these symbols, a greater understanding of the play’s theme is achieved. ThroughoutRead MoreGlass Menagerie Symbolism Essay2502 Words   |  11 PagesIn his drama, The Glass Menagerie, Tennessee Williams uses symbolism in order to develop multi-faceted characters and to display the recurring themes of the play. These various symbols appear throughout the entire piece, and they are usually disguised as objects or imagery. They allow the reader to know the characters#8217; personalities, and their true inside characteristics. These symbols also add to the major themes, which develop as the play gains momentum. In the drama, symbols play theRead MoreEssay on Symbolism In Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie1762 Words   |  8 PagesSymbolism In Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Symbolism is a major aspect in Tennessee Williams famous play, The Glass Menagerie. On the surface, the short slice of life story seems to be simple. However, if the reader digs deeper they will find that there are several symbols that give the play a deeper meaning. Each character defines each symbol in a different way. Aside from character symbols, there is overall symbolism in this play. It is set in a memory, so it creates a softRead More The Importance of Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie Essay1609 Words   |  7 PagesThe Importance of Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie  Ã‚      Tom Wingfield is the narrator and a major character in Tennessee William’s timeless play, The Glass Menagerie. Through the eyes of Tom, the viewer gets a glance into the life of his family in the pre-war depression era; his mother, a Southern belle desperately clinging to the past; his sister, a woman too fragile to function in society; and himself, a struggling, young poet working at a warehouse to pay the bills. Williams has managedRead MoreEssay about Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie2032 Words   |  9 PagesSymbolism is a type of literary device authors use to add special effect and meaning to their stories. According to The American Heritage Dictionary, symbolism is â€Å"The practice of representing things by means of symbols or of attributing symbolic meanings or significance to objects, events, or relationships (â€Å"symbolism†).† Objects, people, actions, and words often are used to symbolize a deeper meaning throughout the text of a story. As one reads a story, they must realize that each sentence they

E Marketing SOSTAC Framework

Question: Discuss abot theE Marketingfor SOSTAC Framework. Answer: Introduction The following assignment is going to be established as a convenient E-marketing plan for the National Indoor Arena of Ireland following the SOSTAC framework. The Indoor Arena of Ireland has some of the most exciting facilities and is currently planning to open two new phase and new centers for badminton, IRFU training and accommodation benefits for on site. Hence, an E-marketing plan is found to be essential. SOSTAC Framework Situation Analysis Currently NIATC is found to be one of the leading sports campuses of Ireland that has three large venues for gymnastics and athletic training center. It has been proposed that the arena will be the first and most dedicated gymnastic training center of the country. Though the campus has strong connection with the domestic business community, national governmental bodies and social media channels, the Arena should acknowledge that the present buying or membership trend has become more internets centric. Presently, near about 65.8% of the entire population of the country are active users of internet (Boyle 2016). Therefore, it is assumable that the aspect of customer trend is hugely influenced by e marketing. However, current condition of Arenas external environment, such as political, economic, social, technical and legal factors is essential prior to predict a successful e-marketing strategy. Political Membership with European union Parliament provides economic freedom The country is enjoying an independent and democratic sovereign An increasing inflation and allowance of wage increase Economic Economy grew by 26.3% in the year 2015 Score of economic freedom is 78.7% according to 2011 index The country is the largest exporter of various service in the world Only 11.9% unemployment rate Gross Income per head is $41,140 in average (Convery et al. 2013) Flexible monetary policy Social Population is 4.4 million A multicultural society Young population is recently 55.4% of the entire population High domestic demand Society is facing risks of high debt Technical Rapid change in technology Each business sector use technical appliances The country is involved in Environmental Technologies Action Plan Legal Central bank set the interest rate Only people from Britain and Ireland can work legally (Convery et al. 2013) Legal economy policy that concentrates on social partnership New tariff barriers due to its membership with EU Flexible pricing regulation and strong maintenance of Health and Welfare at Work regulation 2007 Table 1: PEST Analysis (Source: As created by the author) Strength Nine sports facilities An Aquatic center Strong connection with governmental authorities Weakness Till now no internet marketing Age old traditional way of marketing Opportunity To become worlds one of the largest sports campus To have new sports facilities Worldwide success with Aquatic centre Threat Handful of well-known sports club like UL Sports Arena, Sport Ireland Institute Traditional marketing may reduce the chances to win more membership Table 2: SWOT Analysis (Source: As created by the author) Figure 1: Competitor analysis (Source: As created by the author) Considering the competitor analysis and the environmental factors, it is to be said that the perfect target market for the Arena would be the young section of the country that is comprised of with 55.4% of the entire population. As the campus only concentrates on sports and the Irelands more than the half population is the youngsters, therefore this target market will be convenient. Additionally, the aim of the campus is to run e marketing which will be successful on this target section as most of internet users are supposed to be the young inhabitants. Hence, to aware the target market, a broad online marketing through most of the frequently used online channels will be done. Objectives For the National Indoor Arena of Ireland, two main objectives are To generate and increase awareness about the phases To develop a convenient database for future The mentioned objectives could be interpreted in SMART way, which will be as per the following SMART aspects Objectives Specific Objective one is specific as it is concrete and well defined as it is specifically emphasizing on generating awareness, which is required for the launch. Measurable Only objective one is measurable for now as the second one could not be measured instantly Attainable/Achievable Objective two will be achievable only when the first one would be successful. Objective one is attainable if the campus will make use of relevant e-marketing strategy Relevant Both of the objectives are relevant as per the current intention of the campus as they concentrate on the mission of campus and on the upcoming launch. Timely Objective one will be timely, as the two phases would be launched in the coming year. Table 3: SMART Objectives (Source: As created by the author) E-Strategy Considering the situational analysis, an applicable e-strategy would be to use online channels like Facebook, YouTube for generating awareness among the target market. On the other hand, the strategy should include the use of search engine operational tools to get relevant feedbacks to determine whether their strategy is working or not (Constantinides 2014). Sequence With the help of seven ps of online marketing, the following could be determined Step 1: Verification of the product, which is the new launch of two new phases and the new accommodation and training centers Step 2: Set the price for subscription and promote Step 3: Advertise the place of subscription for membership (Chmielarz and Zborowski 2016) Step 4: Broadcast about the options like instant reply, telephonic conversation, and face-to-face interaction after subscription Step 5: The young people of Ireland who need to have excellent facility for sports and physical training Step 6: Promote the enterprises current partnership with governmental authorities and other business companies Moreover, utilizing the Chaffeys 5s, it could be said that the selling or increasing membership would be done through digital banners and serve speedy responses and convenient option to visit the page (Boone and Kurtz 2013). Build a separate customer care executive team who will be online for 24x7 for the speaking purpose. A system integration process for back office would be implemented to save money and time (Chaffey et al. 2012). Integration and plan to attract customer Instant flow of information gained from online marketing to the in house employees A 24x7 customer support team Media mix popular websites, banners and opt-in mails (Strauss 2016) Target market young people will be attracted mainly through Facebook and YouTube, others through online campaign and banner Tactics For accomplishing the constructed e-strategy, NIATC requires to have some applicable e-tools, which could be Websites Face book, LinkeDin, YouTube and Google Promotional emails Opt-in-emails (Mohapatra 2013) Search engine promotions Marketing by Pay per click like Google AdWords Online banners Actions Tactics Time and Budget Risk management Performance diagnosis Corrective actions Websites Three months, 39000 pound Misinterpretation False or duplicate promotions Number of likes in Facebook Number of visit Number of ratings (Eid. and El-Gohary 2013) Change the website options, which are found having frequent problems New design of information Promotional emails Four months, 15-20000 pound Negative feedback Subscribers unwillingness Instant replies Telephonic chats Number of subscription Modify the contents sent as Opt-in mails Search engine promotions Three months, 40000 pound Junk traffic Huge cost Complicated advertising Inappropriate selection of the marketing firm for PPC (Bryant et al. 2015) Rate of subscription Percentage of clicks Division of the entire cost by total number of clicks Separating placement of the content ads ad search Modifying broad match type keywords Online banners Two months, average 15000 pound Customer ignorance Expensive price Optional confusion Ratings Rate of subscription Modify images Reduce number of options Table 4: Action plan (Source: As created by the author) Control After having a brief view about the time and cost at the action plan section, it can be estimated that the overall budget would be 114000 pound for the proposed e marketing. Additionally, there will be a use of Key performance matrix for measuring the outcome of the strategy. Aspects Indicators Sales Number of subscription and measurement of revenue after the launch of the first phase of the Arena indicate whether objective one has been achieved or not Enquiries Search engine operator, emails, number of instant replies, customer feedback these will assist to get understanding about the second objective Subscription The campuss personalized list of new membership, number of new followers in Facebook and other website networks indicator for objective one Number of visitors Number of customer feedback will indicate the result regarding objective one Table 5: KPI (Key Performance Indicator) (Source: As created by the author) Reference Boone, L.E. and Kurtz, D.L., 2013.Contemporary marketing. Cengage learning. Boyle, R., 2016. 13. Riding the roller coaster: Irelands reform of the public service at a time of fiscal crisis.Public Administration Reforms in Europe: The View from the Top, p.140. Bryant, P., Elliott, A., Kingery, W. and Ramos, E., 2015. Clover Care: Website and E-Marketing Development. Chaffey, D., Smith, P.R. and Smith, P.R., 2012.eMarketing eXcellence: Planning and optimizing your digital marketing. Routledge. Chmielarz, W. and Zborowski, M., 2016, November. Aspects of mobility in e-Marketing from the perspective of a customer. InComputer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS), 2016 Federated Conference on(pp. 1329-1333). IEEE. Constantinides, E., 2014. Foundations of social media marketing.Procedia-Social and behavioral sciences,148, pp.40-57. Convery, F.J., Dunne, L. and Joyce, D., 2013.Ireland's Carbon Tax and the Fiscal Crisis: Issues in Fiscal Adjustment, Environmental Effectiveness, Competitiveness, Leakage and Equity Implications(No. 59). OECD Publishing. Eid, R. and El-Gohary, H., 2013. The impact of E-marketing use on small business enterprises' marketing success.The Service Industries Journal,33(1), pp.31-50. Mohapatra, S., 2013. E-commerce Strategy. InE-Commerce Strategy(pp. 155-171). Springer US. Strauss, J., 2016.E-marketing. Routledge.

Tourist Experience for Operators and Destinations -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theTourist Experience for Operators and Destinations. Answer: Introduction: This is to be noted that tourism in Australiaplays the role of an important and significant component of the economy Australia. It is evident that tourism contributed 3 % of the total contribution of a$47.5billion by Australian GDP the state economy (Economics, 2013). Therefore, it can be said that thedomestic tourism plays a vital part in the global industry with the representation of 73% of the overall tourism GDP. According to the reports of 2010-2011, that the sector of tourism contributes 8% of the overall export earnings of Australia (Forsyth, et al. 2014). The renowned tourist destinations of Australia covers the significant shoreline cities ofBrisbane, Melbourne and Sydney. The list of prestigious destinations include the Gold Coast, provincialQueensland, and theGreat Barrier Reef.This can be said that Uluruand theAustralian outbackhave become the popular location with the emerging market of wildlife tourism. Therefore, it is evident that the rare Australian wildlife has beco me the key interest of the Australian tourism. Discussion: Contemporary issues facing tourism operators and destinations: This can be said that travel industry is experiencing a difficult phase of time in terms of threats and risks in this contemporary world. The world is becoming significantly fast with the advancements of technologies and technicalities. It is evident that people are facilitated with multiple options and easy solutions with a touch on the mobile screen. Therefore, it is not sufficient to provide good service to the tourists but also to reach them as soon as possible. The contemporary problems the tourism operators and destinations are facing: Further options: This is to be noted that the number of tourists along with different interests have increased significantly in the human history. It should be added that the tourist avenues have also increased along with the number of tourists than ever before (Hall, 2014). This is evident that significant number of options are available to the tourists with a little amount of research. Customers are getting end number of deals, discounts and added facilities along with the tour package. Therefore, it can be said that the increased number options are being equivalent to decreased amount of customer loyalty. It is easier for the clients to switch on to the other company if they find any sort difficulty or dissatisfaction in the current plan or package. This is clearly evident that the growth of online tourism is creating a significant and tough competition in this field. However, the fact that an individual agent can solve a problem better than a computer is almost forgotten. Expense Transparency: This is to be stated that everyone in this contemporary world is significantly tech savvy and know the various use of internet. The contemporary world thinks that Google is the ultimate solution. This can be said that it is only the matter of touch. The users are quite aware of the fact that everything is available in internet. The users only require to search with the proper key words. There is no need to think that the tourists are naive. They are aware of the methods to opt for the best deal. It is evident that the rising number of OTA (Online Travel Agency) initiates significant rivalry in this specific industry (Henne, 2014). The agencies require to face the challenge and offer the transparent schemes to the customers in order to survive in this industry. Therefore, providing superior value for money facilities than their rivals can lead the company to sheer success. Developing faith and attracting attention: This is to be noted that the travel and tourist companies are into the significant competition of severe business. It is challenging for them to emerge as a popular brand in the market of such tough competition. This is evident that the new companies who are entering the market with the help of advancement of OTA cannot rule over the leading and prominent companies who contribute in the national market. According to the number of dealers, there are still a large number of tourists who are significantly brand conscious and extremely loyal to the specific brand (Hwang, 2014). Therefore, it can be said that if a specific brand can earn faith by a loyal service to the client with all the transparent budget of expense and profit the brand has miles to go. Travel is not significantly adventurous in contemporary world: This is to be noted that the clients do not need to go to the agents to ask or consult regarding interesting locations (Chen, et al. 2014). All the information are only a key away. People can search for new and interesting places in the internet along with all the details and images of the certain places. It is also evident that they do not feel excited to reach and discover the place as they have already seen multiple images of the particular space. Therefore, the thrill and the charm for an unknown place to discover, to know and to experience has already missed. Constant flexibility and mobile oriented fast solutions: The agencies who do not provide mobile solution has no hope to survive in the market of digital advancement. People are not ready to stand for hours to book tickets. They find the online ticket booking is significantly easy and time saving. This is evident that the online booking take less time and less effort of the users. It can be said that the mobile solutions offer significant flexibility. Clients are facilitated with the significant amount of cash back offer in the online ticket booking options (Mathen, 2014). This is evident that the significant offers, discounts and interesting packages can attract the interest of multiple people. It can also be stated that the clients do not need to pay any consultancy fee in case of internet. Importance of Destination Management: Destination Management is also known as strategic tourism planning. DM aims to bring all the shareholders under the same roof and offer them with strategies to work in collaboration in order to modify a set of interests, actions and facilities into an organized and fascinating tourism experience or thedestination spot (Vila, 2015). Tour Operators in Australia: This is to be noted that Councilof Australian Tour Operators (CATO) is a significant association of expert and Tour Operators (Beirman, 2016).The employees of CATO are skilled in all the chief characteristics of tour and travel, ready to offer the exclusive and profitable tour and travel packages to the significant and popular national and global destinations. DMO and Tour Operators strategies to combat the contemporary issues: The recovery strategy by DMO and Tour Operators to combat the contemporary issues include ten specific steps. Step 1: Major Messages: Travel events are open ended for industry. Travelers are greeted. Significant incentives and discounts are offered for visiting board. Solidarity messages are written for the committed market. Step 2: Setting out the particulars: The entire destination oriented tourist events are operational. The evaluation of the tourists opportunity. Offer value added services including discount or additional facility for visiting now. Opt for outline improvisation, improvements and transformation. Step 3: Complementary Collaboration with Principals: Collaborative arrangements with resorts, hoteliers, restaurants, air links and interests (Cornick, 2014). Collaborative promotional strategies and significant value added engagements in performances between the significant complementary principals. Collaborative projects among the travel authority and clients. Step 4: Reestablishing Self-confidence in Source Industry: Hosting event oriented trips to familiarize the travel agents with the travel writers. Pursue witness recommendations from the estimation leaders in the significant source industry. Utilize Google YouTube to show pictures and the live situation in reality. Confirm tourist market investors are completely updated. Validate facility to the tourists who are canceling or postponing for apprehensions. Assure the significant agents and GSAs in the particular source industry are completely updated. Step 5: Collaborative Industry Models to compete with: Tourism Action Group Fiji is an association of tourism market leaders initiated during crunch circumstances in Fiji. PATAs Project Phoenix, after SARS retrieval for SE Asia in 2003 (Quach, 2013). Thailands after Tsunami rescue 2005 (Kamolvej, 2014). Collaboration of wholesalers with the significant destination partners. Step 6: Protecting Profitability during Marketing Recovery. Providing significant amount of incentives which helps the company to earn profit. Value added services work better than discount. Avoiding the specific financial striptease of decreasing amounts in low level to expose the bottom line. Providing significant amount of incentives in coincidence with the specific travel market partners that comprises profits for accommodation, food, travels and stays to attractions. Step 7: Re-thinking the business plan: The specific crisis program represents a prospect of upgrading and re-thinking the particular business. Entirely re-conceptual promotion and advertising. Attention to the future. Attention to the profits for undertaking business. Underlining structures and profits that have formerly been unnoticed or under-promoted. Conclusion: This can be concluded that the tourism operators and destination are facing a significant number of issues with the advancement of internet globally. Tourists and travelers do not require travel consultancy in person in contemporary days. They are facilitated with multiple number of options and choices. This is evident that contemporary tourists do think twice to switch brands in the matter of tourism. However, there is a concept called brand loyalty still exits. Therefore the leading brands are still managing to earn profit. DMO and tourist operators have taken number of strategies to combat with this crisis situation. The risk factors and the strategies both are being discussed and analyzed here to evaluate the entire scenario. References: Beirman, D. (2016). Tourism Risk, Crisis and Recovery Management Guide (for Tour Wholesalers). Chen, Y. C., Shang, R. A., Li, M. J. (2014). The effects of perceived relevance of travel blogs content on the behavioral intention to visit a tourist destination.Computers in Human Behavior,30, 787-799. Cornick, J., Jimenez, J., Romn, M. (2014).Public-Private Collaboration on Productive Development Policies in Costa Rica(No. IDB-WP-480). IDB Working Paper Series. Economics, D. A. (2013). Economic contribution of the Great Barrier Reef. Forsyth, P., Dwyer, L., Spurr, R., Pham, T. (2014). The impacts of Australia's departure tax: Tourism versus the economy? Tourism Management,40, 126-136. Hall, C. M., Williams, A. M., Lew, A. A. (2014). Tourism conceptualizations, disciplinarity, institutions, and issues.The Wiley Blackwell companion to tourism, 3-24. Henne, J. (2014).Business model dynamics in the tourism industry(Bachelor's thesis, University of Twente). Hwang, J., Han, H. (2014). Examining strategies for maximizing and utilizing brand prestige in the luxury cruise industry.Tourism Management,40, 244-259. Kamolvej, T. (2014). Has Thailand disaster management, from Tsunami to flood, been better.Journal of Governance of Mahasarakam University,4(2), 103-119. Mathen, N. (2014). Online Promotions: Exploring the emerging opportunity in Indian market. Quach, P. G. (2013).Examining international tourists' satisfaction with Hanoi tourism(Master's thesis, fi= Lapin yliopisto| en= University of Lapland|). Vila, T. D., Darcy, S., Gonzlez, E. A. (2015). Competing for the disability tourism marketa comparative exploration of the factors of accessible tourism competitiveness in Spain and Australia.Tourism Management,47, 261-272.